< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sę
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé; compare Latin sē. Cognate with Old Prussian sien (“oneself”).
Pronoun
*sę
- oneself: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself (accusative)
- ourselves, yourselves, themselves (accusative)
- each other (accusative)
Declension
Declension of the personal pronouns
Singular | 1st person | 2nd person | Reflexive |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *jãzъ, *jà | *ty̑ | — |
Accusative | *mę̑ | *tę̑ | *sę̑ |
Genitive | *mȅne | *tȅbe | *sȅbe |
Locative | *mьně̀ | *tebě̀ | *sebě̀ |
Dative | *mьně̀, *mi | *tebě̀, *ti | *sebě̀, *si |
Instrumental | *mъnòjǫ, *mъnojǫ̀ | *tobòjǫ, *tobojǫ̀ | *sobòjǫ, *sobojǫ̀ |
Possessive | *mojь | *tvojь | *svojь |
Dual | 1st person | 2nd person | Reflexive |
Nominative | *vě̑ | *vy̑ | — |
Accusative | *nȃ | *vȃ | *sę̑ |
Genitive | *nàju | *vàju | *sȅbe |
Locative | *nàju | *vàju | *sebě̀ |
Dative | *nàma, *na | *vàma, *va | *sebě̀, *si |
Instrumental | *nàma | *vàma | *sobòjǫ, *sobojǫ̀ |
Possessive | *našь | *vašь | *svojь |
Plural | 1st person | 2nd person | Reflexive |
Nominative | *my̑ | *vy̑ | — |
Accusative | *ny̑ | *vy̑ | *sę̑ |
Genitive | *nàsъ | *vàsъ | *sȅbe |
Locative | *nàsъ | *vàsъ | *sebě̀ |
Dative | *nàmъ, *ny | *vàmъ, *vy | *sebě̀, *si |
Instrumental | *nàmi | *vàmi | *sobòjǫ, *sobojǫ̀ |
Possessive | *našь | *vašь | *svojь |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: сѧ (sę)
- Old Ruthenian: -сѧ (-sja), сѧ (sja)
- Belarusian: -ся (-sja) (merges with final "-ць" into "-цца")
- Ukrainian: -ся (-sja) (before consonants) / -сь (-sʹ) (before vowels, unless after most consonants)
- Russian: -ся (-sja) (after consonants) / -сь (-sʹ) (after vowels)
- Old Ruthenian: -сѧ (-sja), сѧ (sja)
- Old East Slavic: сѧ (sę)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: сѧ (sę)
- Glagolitic: ⱄⱔ (sę)
- Bulgarian: се (se)
- Macedonian: се (se)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: се
- Latin: se
- Slovene: se (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: sě
- Czech: se
- Bohemian (Chod dialect): se
- Czech: se
- Kashubian: sã
- Old Polish: się
- Polish: się
- Slovak: sa
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: se
- Upper Sorbian: so, ?sej
- Old Czech: sě
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ся”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress