< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sabľa
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Of Eastern origin, probably from Turkic language (compare Turkish sap (“handle, stalk, stem”)) or less likely from Hungarian szablya (“sabre”), from szabni (“to tailor”).
Noun
*sabľa f
- sabre
Declension
Declension of *sabľa (soft a-stem)
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *sabľa | *sabľi | *sabľę̇ |
Accusative | *sabľǫ | *sabľi | *sabľę̇ |
Genitive | *sabľę̇ | *sabľu | *sabľь |
Locative | *sabľi | *sabľu | *sabľasъ, *sabľaxъ* |
Dative | *sabľi | *sabľama | *sabľamъ |
Instrumental | *sabľejǫ, *sabľǫ** | *sabľama | *sabľami |
Vocative | *sabľe | *sabľi | *sabľę̇ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
- East Slavic
- Old East Slavic: саблꙗ (sablja)
- Russian: са́бля (sáblja)
- Old East Slavic: саблꙗ (sablja)
- South Slavic
- Bulgarian: са́бя (sábja)
- → Romanian: sabie
- Macedonian: сабја (sabja)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: са̏бља
- Latin: sȁblja
- →? Hungarian: szablya
- Old Polish:
- → Polish: szabla (mazurzenie dialects)
- → Belarusian: ша́бля (šáblja)
- → Italian: sciabola
- → Ukrainian: ша́бля (šáblja)
- →? Middle High German: sabel
- German: Säbel
- → Danish: sabel
- → French: sabre
- → English: sabre
- → Dutch: sabel
- Afrikaans: sabel
- → Japanese: サーベル (sāberu)
- → Papiamentu: sabel (dated)
- → Norwegian: sabel
- → Swedish: sabel
- German: Säbel
- → Polish: szabla (mazurzenie dialects)
- Old Polish:
- Slovene: sȃblja (tonal orthography)
- Bulgarian: са́бя (sábja)
- West Slavic
- Czech: šavle (š is from Polish influence)
- Slovak: šabľa (š is from Polish influence)
- Sorbian
- Lower Sorbian: zabla
References
- “Proto-Slavic/sabľa” in Hrvatski jezični portal
- "сабля" in П. Я. Черных (1999), Историко-этимологический словарь современного русского языка
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “сабля”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “шабля”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress