< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rъďa
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-. Morphologically *rъd- + *-ja.
Noun
*rъďa f
- rust
Inflection
Declension of *rъďa (soft a-stem)
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *rъďa | *rъďi | *rъďę̇ |
Accusative | *rъďǫ | *rъďi | *rъďę̇ |
Genitive | *rъďę̇ | *rъďu | *rъďь |
Locative | *rъďi | *rъďu | *rъďasъ, *rъďaxъ* |
Dative | *rъďi | *rъďama | *rъďamъ |
Instrumental | *rъďejǫ, *rъďǫ** | *rъďama | *rъďami |
Vocative | *rъďe | *rъďi | *rъďę̇ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *rъďavъ (“rusty”)
- *zarъďь (“rust”)
Related terms
- *rudъ (“red; ginger; brown”, adj.)
- *ruda (“ore”)
- *rusъ < *rudsъ (adj.)
- *ruměnъ < *rudměnъ (adj.)
- *rъděti (“to be red; redden”)
- *rъdrъ (“red, red-haired”, adj.)
- *rъďa (“rust”)
- *ryďь (“ginger”, adj.)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: ръжа (rŭža)
- Belarusian: іржа́ (iržá), ржа (rža)
- Russian: ржа (rža), аржа́ (aržá), иржа́ (iržá)
- Ukrainian: іржа́ (iržá), ржа (rža)
- Old East Slavic: ръжа (rŭža)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: ръжда (rŭžda)
- Glagolitic: ⱃⱏⰶⰴⰰ (rŭžda)
- Bulgarian: ръжда́ (rǎždá)
- Macedonian: ‘рѓа (‘rǵa)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: рђа, хрђа
- Latin: rđa, hrđa
- Slovene: rjȁ, rǝjȁ (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: rzě
- Czech: rez
- Bohemian (Chod dialect): rez
- Czech: rez
- Kashubian: rdza, drdza
- Polish: rdza
- Slovak: hrdza
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: zerz, zra
- Lower Sorbian: rza
- Old Czech: rzě
References
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ржа”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912), “ръжа”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments] (in Russian), volume 3: Р – Ꙗ и дополненія, Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 203
- Šanskij, N. M. (2004), “ржавый”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa