Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/protivьnikъ

< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/protivьnikъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *protivъ +‎ *-ьnikъ.

Noun

*protivьnikъ m

1. opponent, adversary

Inflection

Declension of *protivьnikъ (hard o-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*protivьnikъ	*protivьnika	*protivьnici
Accusative	*protivьnikъ	*protivьnika	*protivьniky
Genitive	*protivьnika	*protivьniku	*protivьnikъ
Locative	*protivьnicě	*protivьniku	*protivьnicěxъ
Dative	*protivьniku	*protivьnikoma	*protivьnikomъ
Instrumental	*protivьnikъmь, *protivьnikomь*	*protivьnikoma	*protivьniky
Vocative	*protivьniče	*protivьnika	*protivьnici

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old Ruthenian: проти́вникъ (protívnik)
    • Belarusian: праці́ўнік (pracíŭnik)
    • Ukrainian: проти́вник (protývnyk)
  • Russian: проти́вник (protívnik)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic: противьникъ (protivĭnikŭ)

    Glagolitic: ⱂⱃⱁⱅⰺⰲⱐⱀⰺⰽⱏ (protivĭnikŭ)

  • Bulgarian: проти́вник (protívnik)
  • Macedonian: противник (protivnik)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: про̀тӣвнӣк

    Latin: pròtīvnīk

• West Slavic:
  • Czech: protivník
  • Polish: przeciwnik
  • Slovak: protivník
  • Slovincian: prɵcḯvńĭḱ

Further reading

• Duridanov I., Račeva M., Todorov T., editor (1996), “против”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 785