< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/nebogъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
A bahuvrihi compound of *ne (“not”) and an adjective *bogъ (“fortunate”), but which later shifted in meaning to "god". Compare *ubogъ (“poor”).
Adjective
*nebogъ[1]
- poor
- unfortunate
Declension
Indefinite declension of *nebogъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *nebogъ | *neboga | *nebogo |
| Accusative | *nebogъ | *nebogǫ | *nebogo |
| Genitive | *neboga | *nebogy | *neboga |
| Locative | *nebodzě | *nebodzě | *nebodzě |
| Dative | *nebogu | *nebodzě | *nebogu |
| Instrumental | *nebogomь | *nebogojǫ | *nebogomь |
| Vocative | *nebože | *nebogo | *nebogo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *neboga | *nebodzě | *nebodzě |
| Accusative | *neboga | *nebodzě | *nebodzě |
| Genitive | *nebogu | *nebogu | *nebogu |
| Locative | *nebogu | *nebogu | *nebogu |
| Dative | *nebogoma | *nebogama | *nebogoma |
| Instrumental | *nebogoma | *nebogama | *nebogoma |
| Vocative | *neboga | *nebodzě | *nebodzě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *nebodzi | *nebogy | *neboga |
| Accusative | *nebogy | *nebogy | *neboga |
| Genitive | *nebogъ | *nebogъ | *nebogъ |
| Locative | *nebodzěxъ | *nebogaxъ | *nebodzěxъ |
| Dative | *nebogomъ | *nebogamъ | *nebogomъ |
| Instrumental | *nebogy | *nebogami | *nebogy |
| Vocative | *nebodzi | *nebogy | *neboga |
Definite declension of *nebogъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *nebogъjь | *nebogaja | *nebogoje |
| Accusative | *nebogъjь | *nebogǫjǫ | *nebogoje |
| Genitive | *nebogajego | *nebogyję | *nebogajego |
| Locative | *nebodzějemь | *nebodzěji | *nebodzějemь |
| Dative | *nebogujemu | *nebodzěji | *nebogujemu |
| Instrumental | *nebogyjimi | *nebogǫjǫ | *nebogyjimi |
| Vocative | *nebogъjь | *nebogaja | *nebogoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *nebogaja | *nebodzěji | *nebodzěji |
| Accusative | *nebogaja | *nebodzěji | *nebodzěji |
| Genitive | *neboguju | *neboguju | *neboguju |
| Locative | *neboguju | *neboguju | *neboguju |
| Dative | *nebogyjima | *nebogyjima | *nebogyjima |
| Instrumental | *nebogyjima | *nebogyjima | *nebogyjima |
| Vocative | *nebogaja | *nebodzěji | *nebodzěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *nebodziji | *nebogyję | *nebogaja |
| Accusative | *nebogyję | *nebogyję | *nebogaja |
| Genitive | *nebogъjixъ | *nebogъjixъ | *nebogъjixъ |
| Locative | *nebogyjixъ | *nebogyjixъ | *nebogyjixъ |
| Dative | *nebogyjimъ | *nebogyjimъ | *nebogyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *nebogyjimi | *nebogyjimi | *nebogyjimi |
| Vocative | *nebodziji | *nebogyję | *nebogaja |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Russian: небо́гий (nebógij)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: небогъ (nebogŭ)
- Glagolitic: ⱀⰵⰱⱁⰳⱏ (nebogŭ)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: нѐбог
- Latin: nèbog
- Slovene: nebog
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Czech: nebohý
- Old Polish: niebog
- Polish: niebogi
- Slovak: nebohý
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: njabogi
- Upper Sorbian: njeboh
- Yiddish: נעבעך (nebekh)
- English: nebbish
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1997), “*nebogъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 24 (*navijati (sę)/*navivati (sę) – *nerodimъ(jь)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 104
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*nebogъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 348: “adj. o ‘poor, unfortunate’”