< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mękъkъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *minˀkakas, from Proto-Indo-European *mn̥k-o-kó-s, from *menk-. Equivalent to Proto-Balto-Slavic *minˀkas + *-kъ.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian mìnkštas (“soft”), Latvian mîksts (“soft”).
Adjective
*mę̑kъkъ[1]
- soft
- Antonym: *tvьrdъ
Declension
Indefinite declension of *mękъkъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *mękъkъ | *mękъka | *mękъko |
| Accusative | *mękъkъ | *mękъkǫ | *mękъko |
| Genitive | *mękъka | *mękъky | *mękъka |
| Locative | *mękъcě | *mękъcě | *mękъcě |
| Dative | *mękъku | *mękъcě | *mękъku |
| Instrumental | *mękъkomь | *mękъkojǫ | *mękъkomь |
| Vocative | *mękъče | *mękъko | *mękъko |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *mękъka | *mękъcě | *mękъcě |
| Accusative | *mękъka | *mękъcě | *mękъcě |
| Genitive | *mękъku | *mękъku | *mękъku |
| Locative | *mękъku | *mękъku | *mękъku |
| Dative | *mękъkoma | *mękъkama | *mękъkoma |
| Instrumental | *mękъkoma | *mękъkama | *mękъkoma |
| Vocative | *mękъka | *mękъcě | *mękъcě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *mękъci | *mękъky | *mękъka |
| Accusative | *mękъky | *mękъky | *mękъka |
| Genitive | *mękъkъ | *mękъkъ | *mękъkъ |
| Locative | *mękъcěxъ | *mękъkaxъ | *mękъcěxъ |
| Dative | *mękъkomъ | *mękъkamъ | *mękъkomъ |
| Instrumental | *mękъky | *mękъkami | *mękъky |
| Vocative | *mękъci | *mękъky | *mękъka |
Definite declension of *mękъkъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *mękъkъjь | *mękъkaja | *mękъkoje |
| Accusative | *mękъkъjь | *mękъkǫjǫ | *mękъkoje |
| Genitive | *mękъkajego | *mękъkyję | *mękъkajego |
| Locative | *mękъcějemь | *mękъcěji | *mękъcějemь |
| Dative | *mękъkujemu | *mękъcěji | *mękъkujemu |
| Instrumental | *mękъkyjimi | *mękъkǫjǫ | *mękъkyjimi |
| Vocative | *mękъkъjь | *mękъkaja | *mękъkoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *mękъkaja | *mękъcěji | *mękъcěji |
| Accusative | *mękъkaja | *mękъcěji | *mękъcěji |
| Genitive | *mękъkuju | *mękъkuju | *mękъkuju |
| Locative | *mękъkuju | *mękъkuju | *mękъkuju |
| Dative | *mękъkyjima | *mękъkyjima | *mękъkyjima |
| Instrumental | *mękъkyjima | *mękъkyjima | *mękъkyjima |
| Vocative | *mękъkaja | *mękъcěji | *mękъcěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *mękъciji | *mękъkyję | *mękъkaja |
| Accusative | *mękъkyję | *mękъkyję | *mękъkaja |
| Genitive | *mękъkъjixъ | *mękъkъjixъ | *mękъkъjixъ |
| Locative | *mękъkyjixъ | *mękъkyjixъ | *mękъkyjixъ |
| Dative | *mękъkyjimъ | *mękъkyjimъ | *mękъkyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *mękъkyjimi | *mękъkyjimi | *mękъkyjimi |
| Vocative | *mękъciji | *mękъkyję | *mękъkaja |
See also
- *męknǫti (“to become soft”)
- *mǫčiti (“to torment, torture”)
- *mǫka (“torment, torture”)
Derived terms
- *mękъčiti
- *mękъčati
- *mękъčina
- *męčь
- *mękъkavъ
- *mękъkostь
- *mękъkota
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: мѧкъкъ (mękŭkŭ)
- Belarusian: мя́ккі (mjákki)
- Russian: мя́гкий (mjáxkij)
- Rusyn: мня́гкый (mnjáhkŷj)
- Ukrainian: м'яки́й (mʺjakýj)
- Old East Slavic: мѧкъкъ (mękŭkŭ)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: мѧкъкъ (mękŭkŭ)
- Glagolitic: ⰿⱔⰽⱏⰽⱏ (mękŭkŭ)
- Bulgarian: мек (mek), менок (menok) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: мек (mek)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ме̏к
- Latin: mȅk
- Slovene: méhək (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: měkký
- Czech: měkký
- Bohemian (Chod dialect): mňekyj
- Czech: měkký
- Kashubian: mitczi
- Polabian: mąťĕ
- Polish: miękki
- Silesian: miynki
- Slovak: mäkký
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: mjechki
- Lower Sorbian: měki
- Old Czech: měkký
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “мягкий”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “мягкий”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 552
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1992), “*mękъkъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), volume 18 (*matoga – *mękišьka), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 248
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*mę̏kъkъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 314: “adj. o (c) ‘soft’”