Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kajati

< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kajati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

• Per Derksen, Vasmer and Chernykh, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷōy-, from the root *kʷey-. Cognate with *cěnà (“price, value”), which is an exact reflex of Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penance, penalty”), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬁‎ (kaēnā, “penance, penalty, punishment, revenge”). Also cognate with Sanskrit चयते (cáyate, “to avenge, to punish”), Avestan 𐬐𐬁𐬌𐬌-‎ (kāii-, “to repent”), 𐬗𐬌𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬝‎ (cikaiiat̰, “to cause to repent, to avenge, to punish”), Ancient Greek τίνω (tínō, “to cry, to repent”) (Homeric τῑ́νω (tī́nō)).
• Per Rix (LIV), cognate with *čàjati (“to expect, to wait”), from a different Proto-Indo-European root *kʷey- (“to perceive, to observe”) (this root is reconstructed as *kʷeh₁y- by Derksen).

Verb

*kàjati impf[1][2]

1. to repent, to regret

Inflection

Conjugation of *kajati, *kaja, *kajetь (impf., -a/V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kajanьje	*kajati	*kajatъ	*kajalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*kajanъ	*kajemъ
Active	*kajavъ	*kaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kajaxъ	*kaja	*kaja	*kajǫ	*kaješi	*kajetь
Dual	*kajaxově	*kajasta	*kajaste	*kajevě	*kajeta	*kajete
Plural	*kajaxomъ	*kajaste	*kajašę	*kajemъ	*kajete	*kajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kajaaxъ	*kajaaše	*kajaaše	—	*kaji	*kaji
Dual	*kajaaxově	*kajaašeta	*kajaašete	*kajivě	*kajita	—
Plural	*kajaaxomъ	*kajaašete	*kajaaxǫ	*kajimъ	*kajite	—

Derived terms

• *kajaznь (“sorrow”)

Related terms

• *cěnà (“price, value”)
• *cěnìti (“to value, to evaluate”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: каꙗти (kajati) (11th century), каꙗтисꙗ (kajatisja) (10th century)
    • Belarusian: ка́яцца (kájacca)
    • Russian: ка́яться (kájatʹsja) (see also ока́ять (okájatʹ))
    • Ukrainian: ка́яти (kájaty), ка́ятися (kájatysja)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: каꙗти (kajati)

    Glagolitic: [Term?]

  • Bulgarian: ка́я (kája)
  • Macedonian: кае (kae)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: ка̏јати

    Latin: kȁjati

    • Chakavian (Vrgada): kȁjati
    • Chakavian (Orbanići): kȁjat
  • Slovene: kájati (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: kát
  • Polish: kajać
  • Slovak: kajať
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: kać
    • Lower Sorbian: kajaś

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Romanian: căi

Further reading

• Chernykh, P. (1993), “ка́яться”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 390
• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k^u̯ei̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 377–378
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*kajati (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 115
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ка́ять”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress

References

1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kàjati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 219: “v. (a) ‘regret, repent’”
2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “kajati: kajǫ kajetь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 205, 247; PR 133)”