< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/brъkati
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Of unclear origin, possibly polygenetic. Proposed etymologies:
- From Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewk-, based on the alternation between *brъkati (0-grade), *brykati (enlonged grade), *brukati (o-grade). Cognate with Lithuanian brùkti, braũkti (“to shove, to thrush”) and Latvian bràukt (“to ride”) (originally: to stroke).
- Per Derksen, Doublet of *brъsati, *brysati (“to sweep, to smack”) from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewḱ-.
- Of onomatopoeic origin + *-kati, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrew- (“to brew, to disrupt”). Akin to *brujati (“to rustle”).
Compare also Proto-Slavic *bъrkati (“to trim, to croр (feathers); to poke; to wrinkle”).
Verb
*brъkati impf[1]
- to shove, to thrush
- to stroke with a tool → to whisk, to stir, to mingle
- (figurative) to blunder
- (reflexive) (+ *sę) to interfere
Alternative forms
- *brykati (in East Slavic, Polish)
Conjugation
Conjugation of *brъkati, *brъka, *brъkajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
---|---|---|---|
*brъkanьje | *brъkati | *brъkatъ | *brъkalъ |
Participles | ||
---|---|---|
Tense | Past | Present |
Passive | *brъkanъ | *brъkajemъ |
Active | *brъkavъ | *brъkaję |
Aorist | Present | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *brъkaxъ | *brъka | *brъka | *brъkajǫ | *brъkaješi | *brъkajetь |
Dual | *brъkaxově | *brъkasta | *brъkaste | *brъkajevě | *brъkajeta | *brъkajete |
Plural | *brъkaxomъ | *brъkaste | *brъkašę | *brъkajemъ | *brъkajete | *brъkajǫtь |
Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *brъkaaxъ | *brъkaaše | *brъkaaše | — | *brъkaji | *brъkaji |
Dual | *brъkaaxově | *brъkaašeta | *brъkaašete | *brъkajivě | *brъkajita | — |
Plural | *brъkaaxomъ | *brъkaašete | *brъkaaxǫ | *brъkajimъ | *brъkajite | — |
Derived terms
- *zabrъkati, *nabrъkati (“to stir up”)
- *obrъkati, *sъbrъkati (“to make an error”)
- *orzbrъkati (“to stir, to blend”)
- *pobrъkati (“to drive (s.o.) mad”)
- *brъkočь (“mess, hotchpotch”)
- *brъkanica (“stirring”)
- *brъkadlo (“stirrer (tool), whisk”)
- *brъkačь (“stirrer (agent)”)
Related terms
- *brъsati (“to wipe, to smack”)
- *brysati (“to sweep”)
- *brъskati (“to smack, to beat”)
- *brukati (“to strike down; to despise”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: бры́каць (brýkacʹ)
- Russian: брока́ть (brokátʹ), брыка́ть (brykátʹ)
- Ukrainian: брика́ти (brykáty)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: бъ́ркам (bǎ́rkam), dial. бръ́кам (brǎ́kam)
- Macedonian: брка (brka)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: бр́кати
- Latin: bŕkati
- Slovene: bŕkati
- West Slavic:
- Czech: brkati
- Polish: brykać
- Slovak: bŕkať
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1976), “*brъkati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 3 (*bratrьcь – *cьrky), Moscow: Nauka, page 53
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “брока́ть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “бъркам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 102
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “brkati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*brъsati, *brъkati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 65