< Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic
Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʔalp-
Proto-Semitic
Numeral
← 100 | ← 200 | 1,000 | 2,000 → | |
---|---|---|---|---|
100 | ||||
Cardinal: *ʔalp- |
*ʔalp-
- thousand
Declension
Declension of *ʔalp-
Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *ʔalpum | *ʔalpāna | plural stem + *-ūna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | *ʔalpim | *ʔalpayna | plural stem + *-īna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accusative | *ʔalpam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
possessive forms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1st person | *ʔalpī / *ʔalpVya | — | *ʔalpVni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd person m | *ʔalpVka | *ʔalpVkumā / *ʔalpVkumay | *ʔalpVkum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd person f | *ʔalpVki | *ʔalpVkin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd person m | *ʔalpVšu | *ʔalpVšumā / *ʔalpVšumay | *ʔalpVšum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd person f | *ʔalpVša | *ʔalpVšin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʔalpuya for nom. case, *ʔalpiya for gen. case, *ʔalpaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ʔalp-
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ʔalp-
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Usage notes
The term probably wasn’t strictly a certain number but meant an amount of about this number. In Ethiopian it tends to mean a myriad.
Descendants
- Central Semitic:
- Arabic: أَلْف (ʾalf)
- Maltese: elf
- Moroccan Arabic: ألف (ʔalf)
- → Afar: álfi
- → Mabaan: alp
- → Swahili: elfu
- Northwest Semitic:
- Aramaic: אַלְפָּא (ʾalpā)
- Classical Syriac: ܐܰܠܦܴ݁ܐ (ʾalpā)
- Canaanite:
- Hebrew: אֶלֶף ('élef, ʾélep̄)
- Moabite: 𐤀𐤋𐤐 (ʾlp)
- Phoenician: 𐤀𐤋𐤐 (ʾlp)
- Punic: 𐤀𐤋𐤐 (ʾlp)
- Ugaritic: 𐎀𐎍𐎔 (ảlp /ʾalpu/)
- Aramaic: אַלְפָּא (ʾalpā)
- Old South Arabian:
- Old South Arabian: 𐩱𐩡𐩰 (ʾlf)
- Arabic: أَلْف (ʾalf)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
- Amharic: እልፍ (ʾəlf)
- Ge'ez: እልፍ (ʾəlf)
- Harari: አልፊ (ʾälfi)
- Tigre: እልፍ (ʾəlf)
- Tigrinya: እልፊ (ʾəlfi)
- Modern South Arabian:
- Mehri: ʾalf, ʾāf
- Shehri: ʾelf, ʾɔf
- Soqotri: ʾalf
Noun
*ʔalp- m (plural *ʔalap-)
- head of cattle
Declension
Declension of *ʔalp-
Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *ʔalpum | *ʔalpāna | *ʔalapūna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | *ʔalpim | *ʔalpayna | *ʔalapīna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accusative | *ʔalpam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
possessive forms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1st person | *ʔalpī / *ʔalpVya | — | *ʔalpVni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd person m | *ʔalpVka | *ʔalpVkumā / *ʔalpVkumay | *ʔalpVkum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd person f | *ʔalpVki | *ʔalpVkin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd person m | *ʔalpVšu | *ʔalpVšumā / *ʔalpVšumay | *ʔalpVšum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd person f | *ʔalpVša | *ʔalpVšin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʔalpuya for nom. case, *ʔalpiya for gen. case, *ʔalpaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ʔalp-
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ʔalp-
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Related terms
- *ʔalap- (“to be familiar with”, verb)
- *ʔallip- (“to tame, to domesticate; to familiarize, to instruct; to unite, to join”, verb)
Descendants
- East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒄞 (alpum)
- West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
- Northwest Semitic:
- Canaanite:
- Hebrew: אֶלֶף ('élef, ʾélep̄)
- Phoenician: 𐤀𐤋𐤐 (ʾlp)
- Punic: 𐤀𐤋𐤐 (ʾlp)
- → Arabic: أَلِف (ʾalif)
- → Ancient Greek: ἄλφα (álpha) (see there for further descendants)
- → Hebrew: אלף (álef)
- Ugaritic: 𐎀𐎍𐎔 (ảlp /ʾalpu/)
- Canaanite:
- Northwest Semitic:
- Modern South Arabian:
- Soqotri: ʾalf (“heifer”)
- Central Semitic: