< Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic
Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/bin-
 | This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Semitic
Etymology
From Proto-Afroasiatic *bîn-/*bân- (“to beget”).
Noun
*bin- m (plural *ban-)
- son
Reconstruction notes
Testen reconstructs *bn-, with an initial consonant cluster, which accounts for the r forms in Aramaic and Modern South Arabian.
Inflection
Declension of *bin-
| Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *binum | *bināna | *banūna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | *binim | *binayna | *banīna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accusative | *binam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| possessive forms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1st person | *binī / *binVya | — | *binVni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person m | *binVka | *binVkumā / *binVkumay | *binVkum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person f | *binVki | *binVkin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person m | *binVšu | *binVšumā / *binVšumay | *binVšum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person f | *binVša | *binVšin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *binuya for nom. case, *biniya for gen. case, *binaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *bin-
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *bin-
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derived terms
- *bint- (“daughter”)
Descendants
- East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒁉𒉏 (bīnum)
- West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
- Arabic: اِبْن (ibn), بْن (bn)
- Hijazi Arabic: ابن (ibin)
- Maltese: iben
- Moroccan Arabic: بن (bin)
- Northwest Semitic:
- Aramaic: בְּרָא (bərā)
- Classical Syriac: ܒ݁ܪܳܐ (bərā)
- Canaanite:
- Ammonite: 𐤁𐤍 (bn)
- Edomite: 𐤁𐤍 (bn)
- Hebrew: בֵּן (ben, bēn)
- Samaritan Hebrew: ࠁࠠࠍ (ban)
- Moabite: 𐤁𐤍 (bn)
- Phoenician: 𐤁𐤍 (bn /bin/)
- Punic: 𐤁𐤍 (bn)
- Ugaritic: 𐎁𐎐 (bn /binu/)
- Aramaic: בְּרָא (bərā)
- Arabic: اِبْن (ibn), بْن (bn)
- Central Semitic:
References
- Huehnergard, John (2019), “Proto-Semitic”, in Huehnergard, John and Na'ama Pat-El, editors, The Semitic Languages, 2nd edition, Routledge, →ISBN
- Testen, David (1985) "The Significance of Aramaic r < *n" Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 143-146.