Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/zaqat

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Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/zaqat

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

• Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *zaqat ~ *zaqət (Blust, 2008)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɟ͡ʝaʔat/, /ɟ͡ʝaqat/

Adjective

*zaqat

1. bad, evil
2. ugly

Descendants

• Proto-Philippine:
  • Batanic
    • Itbayaten: raet
    • Yami: rahet
  • Greater Central Philippine
    • Central Philippine
      • Visayan
        • Cebuano: dáot
        • Hiligaynon: dáot
    • Danao
      • Maranao: rata
    • Manobo
      • Binukid: daét
      • Western Bukidnon Manobo: daat
    • South Mangyan
      • Hanunoo: daút
• Basap-Greater Barito
  • Sama-Bajaw
    • Central Sama: la'at
    • Yakan: la'at
    • Mapun: laat
  • East Barito
    • Dusun Deyah: daat
    • Dusun Witu: ra'at
    • Tawoyan: daat
    • Malagasy: ratsy
  • West Barito
    • Bakumpai: jahat
    • Kadorih: caat
  • Basap: ja'at
• North Bornean
  • Northeast Sabah
    • Bonggi: doot
    • Ida'an: arat
  • Southwest Sabah
    • Greater Dusunic:
      • Central Dusun: araat
      • Kadazan
        • Coastal Kadazan: alaat
        • Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan: araat
      • Momogun
        • Kimaragang: ara'at
        • Minokok: araat
        • Rungus: araat
        • Tobilung: araat
    • Murutic
      • Burusu: arat
      • Paluan: alaat
      • Tagal Murut: alaat
      • Timugon Murut: alaat
    • Paitanic
      • Tombonuo: oraai
  • North Sarawakan
    • Bintulu: ja'es
    • Berawan–Lower Baram
      • Miriʼ: jaat
      • Narom: jeət
    • Dayic
      • Kelabit: da'et
      • Lun Bawang: daat
        • Long Bawan: data
        • Long Semado: dat
    • Kenyah: *jaʔət
      • Highland A
        • Lepo’ Gah: ja’et
        • Lepo’ Laang: jat
        • Lepo’ Sawa: ja’at
      • Highland B
        • Badeng: ja’at
        • Lepo’ Tau: ja’at
      • Lowland
        • Lebo’ Vo’: ja’at
        • Uma’ Pawe: ja’et
      • Penan
        • Eastern Penan: sa'at
        • Western Penan: saat
  • Central Sarawakan
    • Melanau-Kajang
      • Kajang
        • Kajaman: ja'at
        • Lahanan: ji'at, ja'at
        • Sekapan: ja'at
      • Melanau
        • Central Melanau: ja'et
        • Kanowit: je'ek
    • Punan: *jiət
      • Punan Aput: jiɛt
      • Punan Bah-Biau: jet
      • Punan Tubu: jɛt
      • Ukit: jiət
• Kayanic: *jaʔak
  • Kayan-Murik
    • Bahau: si'ak
    • Busang Kayan: ja'ak
    • Murik (Malaysia): sa'ak (Ngorek)
  • Segai-Modang
    • Modang: aːk
    • Segai
      • Gaai: ak
      • Kelai: æk
• Land Dayak: *jaʔat
  • Benyadu-Bekati
    • Benyadu': jahat
    • Bekati': jahḛ́ʼ
  • Bidayuh-Rejang
    • Hliboi Bidayuh: ja'at
  • Southern
    • Sanggau: jahat
• Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
  • Karo Batak: jahat
  • Toba Batak: jahat
• Lampungic: *jahat
  • Abung: jahat
  • Komering: jahat
  • Lampung Api: jahat
• Malayo-Sumbawan
  • Proto-Chamic: *jəhaːt
    • Acehnese: jheut
    • Coastal Chamic:
      • Haroi: săt
      • Eastern Cham: jhak
    • Highlands Chamic:
      • Chru-Northern Chamic:
        • Chru: jəhaːʔ
        • Tsat: saːʔ²⁴
      • Jarai: sat
      • Rade: jhat
  • Proto-Malayic: *jahat
    • Iban: jai
    • Malay: jahat
      • Indonesian: jahat
    • Urak Lawoi': ฌาฮัจ (jahac)
  • Bali-Sasak
    • Balinese: jahat
• Javanese: jahat
• Celebic
  • Bonerate: da'o
  • Taje: jaati
  • Uma: dada'a
• Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
  • Central Malayo-Polynesian
    • Flores-Lembata
      • Lamaholot: da'
    • Sumba-Flores
      • Komodo: da'
      • Manggarai: da'at
      • Rembong: da'at
      • Riung: da'at
    • Timoric
      • Tetum: aat
  • Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
    • Proto-Oceanic: *saqat
      • Western Oceanic
        • Meso-Melanesian
          • Label: saka
          • Muduapa: zaha
          • Uneapa: zaghata
      • Central-Eastern Oceanic
        • Southeast Solomonic
          • Arosi: ta'a
          • Lau: tā
          • Sa'a: ta'a
        • Southern Oceanic
          • Hiw: sa
          • North Efate: sa
          • Southeast Ambrym: sa
        • Central Pacific
          • Fijian: ca
          • Proto-Polynesian: *saqa
            • Futunic
              • East Futuna: sā
              • Futuna-Aniwa: sa
              • Mele-Fila: saa
            • Eastern Polynesian
              • Maori: hā (obsolete)
              • Moriori: ha
              • Tuamotuan: hā

Further reading

• Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *zaqat