< Reconstruction:Proto-Italic
Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/pungō
 | This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Italic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“prick, punch”). Near cognates include Ancient Greek πυγμή (pugmḗ, “fist”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpuŋ.ɡoː/
Verb
*pungō[1]
- I prick, sting
Inflection
| Inflection of *pungō (third conjugation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Present | *pungō | |
| Perfect | *pepugai | |
| Past participle | *punktos | |
| Present indicative | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *pungō | *pungōr |
| 2nd sing. | *punges | *pungezo |
| 3rd sing. | *punget | *pungetor |
| 1st plur. | *pungomos | *pungomor |
| 2nd plur. | *pungetes | *pungem(e?)n(ai?) |
| 3rd plur. | *pungont | *pungontor |
| Present subjunctive | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *pungām | *pungār |
| 2nd sing. | *pungās | *pungāzo |
| 3rd sing. | *pungād | *pungātor |
| 1st plur. | *pungāmos | *pungāmor |
| 2nd plur. | *pungātes | *pungām(e?)n(ai?) |
| 3rd plur. | *pungānd | *pungāntor |
| Perfect indicative | Active | |
| 1st sing. | *pepugai | |
| 2nd sing. | *pepugistai | |
| 3rd sing. | *pepuge(d) | |
| 1st plur. | *pepugomos | |
| 2nd plur. | *pepugistes | |
| 3rd plur. | *pepugēri | |
| Present imperative | Active | Passive |
| 2nd sing. | *punge | *pungezo |
| 2nd plur. | *pungete | — |
| Future imperative | Active | |
| 2nd + 3rd sing. | *pungetōd | |
| Participles | Present | Past |
| *pungents | *punktos | |
| Verbal nouns | tu-derivative | s-derivative |
| *punktum | *pungezi | |
Descendants
- Latin: pungō (see there for further descendants)
References
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN