Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/jr̥Hanyam

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰr̥Hanyam.

Noun

*jr̥Hanyam

gold

Derived terms

*jr̥HanyakaH (“arsenic”)
- Old Median: *zaraniyakā (see there for further descendants)
*jr̥Hanyakarah (“goldsmith”)
- Kurdish:
  Northern Kurdish: zêrringer (zēřingar)
  Central Kurdish: زێڕنگەر‎ (zēřingar)
- Parthian: 𐫉𐫡𐫗𐫃𐫡‎ (zrngr /zarnigar, zarīngar/)
  - → Middle Persian:
    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (zlykl /zarr(ī)kar/)
    Manichaean: 𐫉𐫡𐫏𐫃𐫡‎ (zrygr /zarrīgar/)
    - Classical Persian: زرگر‎ (zarrgar)
      - → Pashto: زرګر‎ (zargár)
- Old Persian: 𐎭𐎼𐎴𐎹𐎣𐎼 (d-r-n-y-k-r /daraniyakara/)
- Sogdian: [script needed] (zyrnkryy /zeṙnkarē/)

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬦𐬌𐬌𐬀‎ (zarańiia)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Ossetian: сыгъзӕрин (syǧzærin), сызгъӕрин (syzǧærin)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian: ζαρο (zar)
  - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (zrny /zirnī/)
  - Sogdic:
    - Sogdian: [script needed] (zyrn /zeṙn/)
    - Yagnobi: зар (zar)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: زر‎ (zər, “gold; metal”)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: زر‎ (zar)
- Kurdish:
  Northern Kurdish: zêrr (zēř)
  Central Kurdish: زێڕ‎ (zēř)
- Old Median: *zə́raniyəm
  - Middle Median: *zarr
    - Kermanic:
      Qohrudi: [script needed] (zar) (likely reborrowed from Persian زر‎ (zar))
  - → Elamite: 𒐼𒅕𒈾𒈪𒄿𒀀 (šá-ir-na-mi-ia), 𒍝𒅕𒈾𒈪𒄿𒀀 (za-ir-na-mi-ia)
- Parthian:
  Manichaean: 𐫉𐫡𐫗‎ (zrn /zarn/)
  - → Old Armenian: *զառնա- (*zaṙna-)
    - ⇒ Old Armenian: զառնաւուխտ (zaṙnawuxt)
    - ⇒ Old Armenian: Զարուհի (Zaruhi)
  - → Middle Persian: (/zarr/)
    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ZHBA)
    Manichaean: 𐫉𐫡‎ (zr- /zarr/)
    - Classical Persian: زر‎ (zarr)
      - Iranian Persian: زر‎ (zar)
- Zaza-Gorani
  - Gurani: زەڕ‎ (zař)
  - Zazaki: zern (zařn)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: 𐎭𐎼𐎴𐎹 (daraniya)
  - → Aramaic: דריכונא‎ (drykwnʾ)
  - → Ancient Greek: δαιρεικός (daireikós, “Persian daric”)
    - → English: daric
  - → Biblical Hebrew: אֲדַרְכּוֹן‎ (adarkon)
  - → Parthian: 𐫅𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫃‎ (dʾryg /dārīg/, “gold coin, Dareikos”)
  - → Sogdian: ܠܐܪܝܟ‎ (δʾryk /δārīk/)
  - → Classical Syriac: ܕܪܝܟܘܢܐ‎ (drykwnʾ)

References

Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 204