Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/HhuHā́pah

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Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/HhuHā́pah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HsuHápas. Equivalent to *Hhu- (“good”) +‎ *Hā́pah (“work”).

Adjective

*HhuHā́pah[1]

1. good (in works), masterly, creativity

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Old Avestan: 𐬵𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬞𐬀𐬵‎ (huuāpah, “doing good work; masterly”)
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬞𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬀‎ (hauuāpaŋha, “creativity”)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Sogdo-Bactrian:
    • Bactrian: χοϐο (xoϐo /xūb/)
    • Chorasmian: [script needed] (xwb /xūb/)
    • Sogdian: (/xūp/)

      Buddhist: [script needed] (γwp)

      Christian: [script needed] (xwp)

      Manichaean: [Manichaean needed] (xwp)

      Sogdian: [script needed] (γwp)

  • Wakhi: [script needed] (xub)
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Larestani–Gulf:
    • Bashkardi: [script needed] (xub)
    • Southwestern Fars: [script needed] (xob) (colloquial)
  • Old Persian: [script needed] (*ʰuvāpa)
    • Middle Persian:

      Book Pahlavi: 𐭧𐭥𐭡‎ (hwp /xūb/)

      • Classical Persian: [script needed] (хūb)
        • Iranian Persian: خوب‎ (xūb)
        • Tajik: хуб (xub)
        • → Gujarati: ખૂબ (khūb)
        • → Hindi: ख़ूब (xūb)
        • → Marathi: खूप (khūp)
        • → Urdu: خوب‎ (xūb)

References

1. Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 208