Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/dušHáhuš

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *duš- (“bad”) +‎ *Háhuš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hásuš (“life, existence, being”).[1]

Noun

*dušHáhuš m[1]

hell

Descendants

Central Iranian
- Younger Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬲𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬎𐬨‎ (daožaŋhum, abl.sg.)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Kurdish:
  Northern Kurdish: doje, dojeh, dojî, duje
  Central Kurdish: دۆژا‎ (doja)
- Medo-Parthian: [Term?]
  - Kermanic:
    Abyanehi, Farizandi, Tarehi: dūja
    Naraqi: dūjax
  - Parthian:
    Manichaean: 𐫅𐫇𐫋𐫑‎ (dwjx /dōžax/)
    - → Old Armenian: դժոխ (džox)
      - Armenian: դժոխք (džoxkʿ)
      - → Georgian: *დოჯოხი (*doǯoxi)
        Georgian: ჯოჯოხეთი (ǯoǯoxeti)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Early Middle Persian: (/dušahw/)
  Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (dwšhw')
  Inscriptional Pahlavi: 𐭣𐭥𐭱𐭧𐭥𐭩‎ (dwšhwy)
  - Late Middle Persian: (/dušox/)
    Manichaean: 𐫅𐫇𐫢𐫑‎ (dwšx), 𐫅𐫇𐫢𐫇𐫑‎ (dwšwx)
    Pazend: 𐬛𐬋𐬲𐬀𐬑‎ (dōžax), 𐬛𐬋𐬰𐬀𐬑‎ (dōzax), 𐬛𐬋𐬘𐬀𐬑‎ (dōjax)
    - Classical Persian: دوزخ‎ (dôzax)
      - Dari: دوزخ‎ (duzax)
      - Iranian Persian: دوزخ‎ (duzax)
      - Tajik: дӯзах (düzax)
      - → Baluchi: (reborrowing[1])
        Eastern Balochi: دوزک‎ (dōzak), دوزې‎ (dōze)
        Western Balochi: دوزخ‎ (dōzax), دوژې‎ (dōže)
      - → Kurdish:
        Southern Kurdish: دووزەق‎ (dūzaq)
      - → Pashto: دوږخ‎ (doģáx), دوغښ‎ (doǧáẍ) (early reborrowing[1]), دوزخ‎ (dozáx) (late reborrowing[2])
      - → Wakhi: dūzax (reborrowing[3])

References

Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000), “*¹dauš-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 410-419
Morgenstierne, Georg (1927), “23”, in An Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Skrifter utgitt av det Norske Videnskapsakademi i Oslo; 3), Oslo: J. Dybwad
Morgenstierne, George (1938), “dū'zax”, in Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume 2, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 521

[ESIJa-1] Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000), “*¹dauš-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 410-419

[2] Morgenstierne, Georg (1927), “23”, in An Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Skrifter utgitt av det Norske Videnskapsakademi i Oslo; 3), Oslo: J. Dybwad

[3] Morgenstierne, George (1938), “dū'zax”, in Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume 2, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 521