< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/-ištʰas
 | This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-Iranian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *-istHos, from *-yōs (elative suffix) + *-tHós (adjectival suffix).[1][2] Cognate with Ancient Greek -ιστος (-istos), Proto-Germanic *-istaz.
Suffix
*-ištʰas
- superlative adjectival suffix.
Declension
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *-ištʰas | *-ištʰaH | |
| genitive | *-ištʰasya | *-ištʰaHs | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *-ištʰas | *-ištʰaH | *-ištʰās |
| vocative | *-ištʰa | *-ištʰaH | *-ištʰās |
| accusative | *-ištʰam | *-ištʰaH | *-ištʰans |
| genitive | *-ištʰasya | *? | *-ištʰām |
| ablative | *-ištʰāt | *? | *-ištʰamas |
| dative | *-ištʰāy | *? | *-ištʰamas |
| locative | *-ištʰay | *? | *-ištʰayšu |
| instrumental | *-ištʰaH | *? | *-ištʰāš |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *-ištʰaH | *-ištʰaH(a) | *-ištʰaHas |
| vocative | *-ištʰaH | *-ištʰaH(a) | *-ištʰaHas |
| accusative | *-ištʰaHa | *-ištʰaH(a) | *-ištʰaHas |
| genitive | *-ištʰaHs | *? | *-ištʰaHaHam |
| ablative | *-ištʰaHs | *? | *-ištʰaHmas |
| dative | *-ištʰaHay | *? | *-ištʰaHmas |
| locative | *-ištʰaH, *-ištʰaHi | *? | *-ištʰaHsu |
| instrumental | *-ištʰaHH | *? | *-ištʰaHbʰi |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *-ištʰam | *-ištʰay(H) | *-ištʰaH |
| vocative | *-ištʰam | *-ištʰay(H) | *-ištʰaH |
| accusative | *-ištʰam | *-ištʰay(H) | *-ištʰaH |
| genitive | *-ištʰasya | *? | *-ištʰām |
| ablative | *-ištʰāt | *? | *-ištʰamas |
| dative | *-ištʰāy | *? | *-ištʰamas |
| locative | *-ištʰay | *? | *-ištʰayšu |
| instrumental | *-ištʰaH | *? | *-ištʰāš |
Descendants
Category Proto-Indo-Iranian adjectives suffixed with *-ištʰas not found
- Indo-Aryan: *-iṣṭʰas
- Sanskrit: इष्ठ (-iṣṭha)
- Iranian: *-ištah[3]
- Avestan: 𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀 (-išta)
- Parthian: [script needed] (-yšt /-išt/)
- Old Persian: [script needed] (-ista)
- Middle Persian: [script needed] (st' /-ist/)
References
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, 2nd edition, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 221
- Ringe, Don (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, Oxford University Press, page 284
- Windfuhr, Gernot (2010) The Iranian Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), Oxon, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, pages 79-80