Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/bʰiš-

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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/bʰiš-

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Root

*bʰiš-[1]

1. to, heal cure
2. medicine, medicinal herb

Descendants

• Iranian: *biš (“healing”)[2]
  • Old Avestan: 𐬠𐬌𐬱‎ (biš, “healing, remedy”)[3]
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 𐬠𐬌𐬱𐬌‎ (paiti biši, “medicinal”), 𐬠𐬌𐬱𐬌𐬱 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬨𐬁𐬙𐬋‎ (bišiš framātō, “skilled in medicine”)[2]

Derived terms

• *bʰišaȷ́- (“to heal”, root)
  • Indo-Aryan: *bʰiṣaȷ́-
    • Sanskrit: भिषक्ति (bhiṣákti), भिषज्यति (bhiṣajyáti)
  • Iranian: *bišaj-[2]
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬠𐬌𐬱𐬀𐬰𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬝‎ (bišaziiāt̰), 𐬠𐬌𐬱𐬀𐬰𐬌𐬌𐬋𐬌𐬱‎ (bišaziiōiš, 2nd person optative singular), 𐬠𐬌𐬱𐬀𐬰𐬁𐬥𐬌‎ (bišazāni)
  • ⇒ Indo-Iranian: *bʰišáȷ́ (“doctor, physician”)
    • Indo-Aryan: *bʰiṣáȷ́
      • Sanskrit: भिषज् (bhiṣáj, “healer, physician”)
    • Iranian: *bišáj
      • ⇒ Iranian: *bišajkah (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ Indo-Iranian: *bʰayšaȷ́ás (“curative, healing”)

References

1. Lubotsky, Alexander (1999), “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎, Helsinki
2. Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*bišaz”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 21
3. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “bhis.áj-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University