Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱoph₂ós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

*koph₂ós

Etymology

Unknown, perhaps of non-Indo-European origin. Compare Proto-Semitic *ʕaḳ-b ~ *ʕiḳ-b (“hoof, heel, sole”)[1] and Proto-Afro-Asiatic *q̇ʷap- (“hoof”)[2].

Noun

*ḱoph₂ós m[3]

hoof

Inflection

Thematic
	singular
nominative	*ḱoph₂ós
genitive	*ḱoph₂ósyo
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ḱoph₂ós	*ḱoph₂óh₁	*ḱoph₂óes
vocative	*ḱoph₂é	*ḱoph₂óh₁	*ḱoph₂óes
accusative	*ḱoph₂óm	*ḱoph₂óh₁	*ḱoph₂óms
genitive	*ḱoph₂ósyo	*?	*ḱoph₂óoHom
ablative	*ḱoph₂éad	*?	*ḱoph₂ómos
dative	*ḱoph₂óey	*?	*ḱoph₂ómos
locative	ḱoph₂éy, ḱoph₂óy	*?	*ḱoph₂óysu
instrumental	*ḱoph₂óh₁	*?	*ḱoph₂ṓys

Descendants

Balto-Slavic:
- Slavic: *kopyto (possibly)
  - West Slavic:
    - Czech: kopyto
    - Polish: kopyto
  - East Slavic:
    - Belarusian: капы́та (kapýta)
    - Russian: копы́то (kopýto)
    - Ukrainian: копито (kopyto)
  - South Slavic:
    - Bulgarian: копито (kopito)
    - Macedonian: копито (kopito)
    - Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: копито
      Latin: kopito
    - Slovene: kopito
Germanic: *hōfaz(see there for further descendants)
Indo-Iranian: *ćapʰás (see there for further descendants)
? Proto-Finnic: *kapja

References

Orel, Vladimir E.; Stolbova, Olga V. (1995), “*ʕaḳ(V)b- ~ *ḳaʕab-”, in Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary: Materials for a Reconstruction (Handbuch der Orientalistik; I.18), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Orel, Vladimir E.; Stolbova, Olga V. (1995), “*q̇ʷap-”, in Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary: Materials for a Reconstruction (Handbuch der Orientalistik; I.18), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 137

[1] Orel, Vladimir E.; Stolbova, Olga V. (1995), “*ʕaḳ(V)b- ~ *ḳaʕab-”, in Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary: Materials for a Reconstruction (Handbuch der Orientalistik; I.18), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

[2] Orel, Vladimir E.; Stolbova, Olga V. (1995), “*q̇ʷap-”, in Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary: Materials for a Reconstruction (Handbuch der Orientalistik; I.18), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

[IEW-3] Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 137