Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tr̥h₂és

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *terh₂- (“to cross over, pass through”).

Adverb

*tr̥h₂és[1][2]

through

Alternative reconstructions

*tr̥h₂-ó-s[3]

Derived terms

*térh₂-kʷe, *tr̥h₂-kʷé[1][4][5]
- Proto-Germanic: *þerhw, *þurhw (“through”) (see there for further descendants)
*tr̥h₂-m̥-s-kʷé (or < *tr̥h₂-es-kʷe[4], or *tr̥h₂-os-h₃kʷe)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tr̥HaćčáH (< *tr̥h₂m̥skʷé-h₁) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *trānskwe
  - >? Latin: trānsque
*tr̥h₂-m̥-s[3] (or *tŕ̥h₂-n̥t-s[6][7])
- >? Proto-Celtic: *trāns (see there for further descendants)
- >? Proto-Italic: *trāns (see there for further descendants)
*tr̥h₂-éy
- >? Proto-Celtic: *trē (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

Proto-Celtic: *taras (“through”) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tr̥Hás (“through”) (see there for further descendants)

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959), “5. ter-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1075-1076: “*tₔres; *tₔri; *ter-k(^u̯)e, *tr̥-k(^u̯)e”
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “tirás”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 646
Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 95: “*tr̥Hm̥s; *tr̥Hós”
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*þerhwe ~ *þurhwe”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 538-539
Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “terh₂-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 4: “*terh₂-kʷe ~ tr̥h₂-kʷe; *tr̥h₂és”
Schumacher, Stefan; Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 138: “*trānts; *trānss”
Malzahn, Melanie (2016), “Tudáti-presents and the tēzzi Principle”, in Sahasram Ati Srajas. Indo-Iranian and Indo-European Studies in Honor of Stephanie W. Jamison‎, Ann Arbor; New York: Beech Stave Press, page 227: “*tr̥h₂-(o)nt-”

[IEW-1] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “5. ter-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1075-1076: “*tₔres; *tₔri; *ter-k(^u̯)e, *tr̥-k(^u̯)e”

[2] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “tirás”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 646

[Sihler-3] Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 95: “*tr̥Hm̥s; *tr̥Hós”

[EDPG-4] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*þerhwe ~ *þurhwe”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 538-539

[5] Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “terh₂-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 4: “*terh₂-kʷe ~ tr̥h₂-kʷe; *tr̥h₂és”

[6] Schumacher, Stefan; Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 138: “*trānts; *trānss”

[7] Malzahn, Melanie (2016), “Tudáti-presents and the tēzzi Principle”, in Sahasram Ati Srajas. Indo-Iranian and Indo-European Studies in Honor of Stephanie W. Jamison‎, Ann Arbor; New York: Beech Stave Press, page 227: “*tr̥h₂-(o)nt-”