Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/trem-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*trem-[1][2]

to tremble (in fear)

Synonyms

*trep-
*tres-

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *trem-

*trém-ti ~ *tr̥m-énti (athematic present)[3][4][5][6]
- Proto-Albanian: *trema
  - Albanian: tremb
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: trem̃t
  - Lithuanian: trem̃ti
- Proto-Hellenic: *trémō
  - Ancient Greek: τρέμω (trémō)
- Proto-Italic: *tremō
  - Latin: tremō
- Tocharian:
  - Tocharian A: trämäs
*trom-éye-ti (causative)[5][6]
- Proto-Hellenic: *troméyō
  - Ancient Greek: τρομέω (troméō)
- Proto-Italic: *tromeō
  - Umbrian: tremitu
*tróm-o-s[7]
- Proto-Hellenic: *trómos
  - Ancient Greek: τρόμος (trómos)
    - Greek: τρόμος (trómos)
    - Mariupol Greek: тре́мус (trjémus)
- Tocharian:
  - Tocharian B: tremi
*trom-ó-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *tromós
  - Ancient Greek: τρομός (tromós)

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959), “trem-, trems-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1092-1093
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*trem-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 648-649
Orel, Vladimir (1998), “tremb”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, pages 463-464
Derksen, Rick (2015), “tremti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 470
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “τρέμω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1502-1503
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “tremō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 628
Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “tremi”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “trem-, trems-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1092-1093

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*trem-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 648-649

[3] Orel, Vladimir (1998), “tremb”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, pages 463-464

[4] Derksen, Rick (2015), “tremti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 470

[Beekes-5] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “τρέμω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1502-1503

[DV-6] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “tremō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 628

[7] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “tremi”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN