Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ters-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ters-[1][2][3][4][5][6]

dry

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ters-

*térs-e-tor (deponent thematic root present)[1]
- Proto-Germanic: *þersaną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: τέρσομαι (térsomai)
*tr̥s-yé-ti (yé-present)[1]
- Proto-Germanic: *þurzijaną
  - Gothic: *𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*þaursjan) (in 𐌰𐍆𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (afþaursjan))
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tŕ̥šyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tŕ̥ṣyati
    - Sanskrit: तृष्यति (tṛ́ṣyati)
      - Hindi: तरसना (tarasnā)
*tors-éye-ti (causative)[1][2][4] (see there for further descendants)
*tr̥s-eh₁(ye)-ti (eh₁-stative)[1][4]
- Proto-Germanic:
  - Old High German: dorrēn
- Proto-Italic: *torz-ēō
  - Latin: torrēns (see there for further descendants)
*ters-o-[5]
- Proto-Italic: *terzā, *terzom
  - Latin: terra (see there for further descendants)
  - Oscan: 𐌕𐌄𐌓𐌀𐌔 (teras), 𐌕𐌄𐌄𐌓𐌞𐌌 (teerúm), 𐌕𐌄𐌓𐌞𐌌 (terúm), 𐌕𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌝𐌔 (tereís), 𐌕𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌝 (tereí)
*tērs-os or root noun *tḗrs[5][6]
- Proto-Celtic: *tīros (see there for further descendants)
  - *tīrs-es-mi-
    - Old Irish: tírimm, tirimm
*tr̥s-ḱós
- Proto-Germanic: *þurskaz (“cod”) (see there for further descendants)
*ters-kʷo-
- Proto-Celtic: *terskos
  - Old Irish: terc
    - Irish: tearc
- >? Latin: *te(r)skʷom
  - Latin: tesquum, tescum
*térs-ti-s ~ *tr̥s-téy-s
- Proto-Germanic: *þurstiz (see there for further descendants)
*térs-tu-s ~ *tr̥s-téw-s
- Proto-Celtic: *tartus (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *þurstuz (see there for further descendants)
*térs-us
- Proto-Celtic:
  - Old Irish: tur
- Proto-Germanic: *þursuz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *táršuš
  - Proto-Iranian: *táršuš
    - Avestan: 𐬙𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬎‎ (taršu)
    - Middle Persian: tšknk'[7]
    - →? Old Armenian: թաշկինակ (tʿaškinak)[7]
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: torrus
*tr̥s-
- Middle Armenian: թառ (tʿaṙ), դառ (daṙ)
  - Armenian: թառ (tʿaṙ)
  - → Georgian: თარო (taro)
  - → Udi: tʿär (“roosting perch for chicken”)
*tr̥s-nós
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tŕ̥šnas (see there for further descendants)
*tr̥s-ós (“flat surface for drying food”)[8]
- Proto-Germanic: *þarzṓ
  - Old High German: darra (“apparatus for drying fruits, etc.”)
    - Middle High German: darre
      - >? Cimbrian: dèrra
      - German: Darre
  - Old Norse:
    - Norwegian: tarre (“frame for drying malts, etc.”)
    - Swedish: tarre
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ταρσός (tarsós, “cheese hurdle; flat surface, board, blade, sole, palm”)
*tr̥s-tós
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tr̥štás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tr̥ṣṭás
    - Sanskrit: तृष्ट (tṛṣṭá)
- Proto-Italic: *torstos
  - Latin: torstus, tostus (see there for further descendants)
Other formations:
- Proto-Albanian: *tarsja
  - Albanian: ter
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: թառամ (tʿaṙam), թարշամ- (tʿaršam-)

References

Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 637-638
Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “ter”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: Investigations into the Albanian Inherited Lexicon] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7) (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 384
Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “torreō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 634-635
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “terra”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 616
Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 379–380
Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 247
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ταρσός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1453–1454

[LIV-1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 637-638

[D-2] Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “ter”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: Investigations into the Albanian Inherited Lexicon] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7) (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 384

[Ringe_2006-3] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[DV_torreo-4] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “torreō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 634-635

[DV_terra-5] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “terra”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 616

[M-6] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 379–380

[Olsen-7] Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 247

[8] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ταρσός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1453–1454