Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂eh₁ter-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *h₂eh₁- (“to be hot, warm, dry”) +‎ *-tēr (agent noun suffix); the root is found functionally in Palaic 𒄩𒀀 (ḫa-a /ḫā/, “to be hot”)[1] and with another derivative in Proto-Celtic *ā-ti- f (“drying kiln”).[2] More at *h₂eHs-.

Noun

*h₂eh₁ter-

fire

Reconstructions

*h₂éh₁tēr m or f[3]
*h₂éh₁tr̥ n[4]

Derived terms

Proto-Albanian: *ōtr-
- Albanian: vatër (“fireplace”), vatra (“bonfire, hearth”), votër (“fireplace”)
  - → Romanian: vatră (“fireplace, home”), Aromanian: vatrã, veatrã, Istro-Romanian: votrę, Megleno-Romanian: vatră
    - → Bulgarian: ва́тра (vátra)
    - → Czech: vatra (“bonfire, hearth”)
    - → Polish: watra (“watchfire, bonfire”)
    - → Gagauz: vatra (“hearth”)
    - → Russian: ватру́шка (vatrúška)
    - → Serbo-Croatian: ва̏тра / vȁtra (“fire”)
    - → Ukrainian: ва́тра (vátra, “fireside, bonfire, hearth”)

Proto-Armenian:
- Old Armenian: *այր (*ayr, “fire”), ⇒ այրեմ (ayrem, “to burn”), ⇒ զայրանամ (zayranam, “to become angry”)
Italic:
- Latin: āter (“matte black”) (possibly in sense of “blackened by fire”), atrox (“fierce”), Atella (“an ancient Oscan city in Campania”), ātrium (“welcoming room”), Atrius (“a family name”)
- Umbrian: 𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌖 (atru, “black”)
- Oscan: 𐌀𐌀𐌃𐌝𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌔 (aadíriis, “familial name akin to Latin 'Atrius'”)
Indo-Iranian: *HáHtr̥š (“fire”)
- Iranian: *HáHtr̥š (“fire”) (see there for further descendants)
  - Avestan: 𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭‎ (ātar, “fire”)
  - → Old Armenian: ատր- (atr-)

References

Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₂eh₁-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 257
Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 25
Adams, Douglas Q. (1995), “Tocharian A āṣtär, B astare ‘clean, pure’ and PIE *h₂ehₓ(s)- ‘burn’”, in W. Smoczyński, editor, Kuryłowicz Memorial Volume. Part One, Krakow: Universitas, page 209 of 207–211
Irslinger, Britta Sofie (2002) Abstrakta mit Dentalsuffixen im Altirischen [Abstracts with Dental Suffixes in Old Irish] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. Winter, →ISBN, pages 198, 214

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₂eh₁-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 257

[Zair-2] Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 25

[3] Adams, Douglas Q. (1995), “Tocharian A āṣtär, B astare ‘clean, pure’ and PIE *h₂ehₓ(s)- ‘burn’”, in W. Smoczyński, editor, Kuryłowicz Memorial Volume. Part One, Krakow: Universitas, page 209 of 207–211

[4] Irslinger, Britta Sofie (2002) Abstrakta mit Dentalsuffixen im Altirischen [Abstracts with Dental Suffixes in Old Irish] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. Winter, →ISBN, pages 198, 214