Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁n̥dʰér

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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁n̥dʰér

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *h₁n̥dʰí (“under, below”) +‎ *-ér, *-éri (innovative locative suffix).

Adverb

*h₁n̥dʰér, *h₁n̥dʰéri[1][2]

1. under, below

Derived terms

• *h₁n̥dʰér-o-s (“lower”)[1][3]
  • Indo-Iranian: *Hadʰáras[4][5][6] (see there for further descendants)
  • Italic: *enðeros[1][7]
    • Latin: īnferus
• *h₁n̥dʰér-no-s[8]
  • Italic: *enðernos
    • Latin: īnfernus

Descendants

• Germanic: *under[9] (conflated with *h₁entér (“between”)) (see there for further descendants)
• Indo-Iranian: *Hadʰári
  • Iranian: *Hadári[10] (see there for further descendants)

References

1. Pokorny, Julius (1959), “n̥dhos, n̥dheri”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 49
2. Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 134
3. Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 59
4. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “ádhara-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 66
5. Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*adah”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 80-81
6. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “ádhara-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
7. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “īnferus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 304
8. Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 153
9. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*under-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 559
10. Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*adari”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 81-83