Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁el-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₁el-[1]

greyish or brownish coloration
deer, elk
→ elephant
various tree species with bright bark, e.g. alder, elm, fir

Derived terms

*h₁él-h₁ēn[1] or *h₁él-h₁en-i[2][3]
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: եղն (ełn, “hind”)
    - Armenian: եղնիկ (ełnik, “doe”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *elenias
  - Latvian: alnis (“elk, moose”)
  - Lithuanian: élnias, élnis, álnis (“deer”)
  - Proto-Slavic: *eleňь (see there for further descendants)
*h₁ól-h₁n-ih₂ ~ *h₁él-h₁n-ih₂[1][4][5][6]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *alˀnīˀ
  - Lithuanian: álnė, élnė
  - Old Prussian: alne
  - Proto-Slavic: *òlni (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *elanī (see there for further descendants)
*h₁él-h₁n-t-ih₂[1][4]
- Proto-Celtic: *elantī (see there for further descendants)
*h₁él-n̥[7]
- Proto-Tocharian: *yälä
  - Tocharian A: yäl
  - Tocharian B: yal
*h₁él-n̥-bʰo-s[1][8]
- Proto-Hellenic: *éləpʰos
  - Ancient Greek: ἔλαφος (élaphos, “red deer”)
    - Greek: ελάφι (eláfi)
*h₁el-nó-s[1][8]
- Proto-Hellenic: *elnós
  - Ancient Greek: ἐλλός (ellós)
*h₁ól-ḱ-is ~ h₁él-ḱ-is[9][10]
- Proto-Germanic: *algiz, *elhaz (see there for further descendants)
  - → Ancient Greek: ἄλκη (álkē)
  - → Latin: alcēs
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *alśis
  - Proto-Slavic: *ȏlsь (see there for further descendants)
*h₁ĺ̥-ḱ-yos
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hŕ̥ćyas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hŕ̥śyas
    - Vedic Sanskrit: ऋश्य (ṛ́śya) [11][12]

References

Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “ełn”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 253
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*elen̦ь, *elennь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 140
Derksen, Rick (2015), “elnias”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 153
Matasović, Ranko (2009), “elan(t)ī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 115
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*òlni”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 368-369
Derksen, Rick (2015), “elnė”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 153
Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “yal”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 523
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἔλαφος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 402-403
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*algi- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 21
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ȏlsь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 370
Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “ŕ̥śya-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*algi- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 21

[Martirosyan-1] Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “ełn”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 253

[2] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*elen̦ь, *elennь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 140

[3] Derksen, Rick (2015), “elnias”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 153

[Matasovic-4] Matasović, Ranko (2009), “elan(t)ī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 115

[5] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*òlni”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 368-369

[6] Derksen, Rick (2015), “elnė”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 153

[7] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “yal”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 523

[Beekes-8] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἔλαφος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 402-403

[9] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*algi- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 21

[10] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ȏlsь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 370

[IAIL-11] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “ŕ̥śya-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[12] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*algi- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 21