Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰewdʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*bʰewdʰ-[1][2][3][4][5][6]

to be awake, be aware

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰewdʰ-

*bʰéwdʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)[7][8]
*bʰu-né-dʰ-ti ~ *bʰu-n-dʰ-énti (nasal-infix present)[5][9]
- Proto-Celtic: *bundeti
  - Proto-Brythonic:
    - Old Breton: dogurbonnue (2sg.pres.subj.)
  - Old Irish: ad·boind
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: πυνθάνομαι (punthánomai)
*bʰe-bʰówdʰ-e ~ *bʰe-bʰudʰ-ḗr (perfect)[9]
*bʰudʰ-yé-tor (deponent yé-present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰudʰyátay
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *budʰyátay
    - Sanskrit: बुध्यते (budhyáte)
  - Proto-Iranian: *budyátay
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬠𐬏𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀‎ (būⁱδiiaēta, 3sg.opt.med.)
*bʰudʰ-éh₁ye-ti
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *budḗˀtei[10][11] (see there for further descendants)
*bʰowdʰ-éye-ti (causative)[12]
*bʰówdʰ-os[9]
- Proto-Celtic: *frobowdos
  - Proto-Brythonic:
    - Welsh: rhybudd
  - Old Irish: robud
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáwdʰas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *báwdʰas
    - Sanskrit: बोध (bódha)
  - Proto-Iranian: *báwdas
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬊𐬛𐬀‎ (baoda)
- Proto-Tocharian: *pāut- (denominative, or < *bʰewdʰ-os)
  - Tocharian A: pot-
  - Tocharian B: paut-
*bʰéwdʰ-ti-s ~ *bʰudʰ-téy-s[13]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: bust
  - Lithuanian: bùsti
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: πῠ́στῐς (pústis)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰúdᶻdʰiš
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *búddʰiṣ
    - Sanskrit: बुद्धि (búddhi) (see there for further descendants)
  - Proto-Iranian: *búzdiš
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬠𐬎𐬯𐬙𐬌‎ (busti)
*bʰewdʰ-os
- Proto-Germanic: *beudaz m (see there for further descendants)
*bʰudʰ-o-[14]
- Proto-Celtic: *budos
  - Proto-Brythonic:
    - Cornish: both (“will”)
    - Welsh: bodd (“free will, consent”)
- Proto-Germanic: *budą (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰúdʰa
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *búdʰa
    - Sanskrit: बुध (búdha)
*bʰudʰ-tó-s
*bʰudʰ-ró-s[15][16]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *budras
  - Old Lithuanian: budras
    - Lithuanian: budrùs
  - Proto-Slavic: *bъ̀drъ, *bъ̀dřь (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰudʰrás
  - Proto-Iranian: *budráh
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬌𐬠𐬎𐬛𐬭𐬀‎ (zaēnibudra)

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959), “*bheudh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 150-152
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰeu̯dʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 82-83
Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), “*bʰeu̯dʰ-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 36-37
Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πυνθάνομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1258
Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*baud¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 14-15
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bľustì”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 46
Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “paut-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 437
Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*bu-n-do-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 83
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bъděti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 68-69
Derksen, Rick (2015), “budėti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 104
Derksen, Rick (2015), “baudyti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 83
Derksen, Rick (2015), “busti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 107
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*buda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 81
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bъ̀drъ; bъ̀dŗъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 69
Derksen, Rick (2015), “budrus”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 104-105

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “*bheudh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 150-152

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰeu̯dʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 82-83

[3] Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), “*bʰeu̯dʰ-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 36-37

[Ringe_2006-4] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[Beekes-5] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πυνθάνομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1258

[6] Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*baud¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 14-15

[7] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bľustì”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 46

[8] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “paut-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 437

[M-9] Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*bu-n-do-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 83

[10] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bъděti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 68-69

[11] Derksen, Rick (2015), “budėti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 104

[12] Derksen, Rick (2015), “baudyti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 83

[13] Derksen, Rick (2015), “busti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 107

[14] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*buda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 81

[15] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bъ̀drъ; bъ̀dŗъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 69

[16] Derksen, Rick (2015), “budrus”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 104-105