Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/īsarną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Borrowed from Proto-Celtic *īsarnom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈiː.sɑr.nɑ̃/

Noun

*īsarną n

iron

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *īsarną (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*īsarną	*īsarnō
vocative	*īsarną	*īsarnō
accusative	*īsarną	*īsarnō
genitive	īsarnas, īsarnis	*īsarnǫ̂
dative	*īsarnai	*īsarnamaz
instrumental	*īsarnō	*īsarnamiz

Descendants

Old English: īsern, īsen, īren
- Middle English: iren
  - Scots: airn
  - English: iron
    - Marshallese: aen
Old Frisian: īsern
- North Frisian: jaarn
- Saterland Frisian: Iersen
- West Frisian: izer
Old Saxon: īsarn
- Middle Low German: îsern, îseren
  - Plautdietsch: Iesa
Old Dutch: *īsarn
- Middle Dutch: iser
  - Dutch: ijzer
    - Afrikaans: yster
  - Limburgish: iezer
  - West Flemish: yzer
Old High German: īsarn
- Middle High German: īsern, īser
  - Alemannic German: Iise
    Vorarlbergerisch: Iisa, Oasa
  - Bavarian:
    Cimbrian: àizarn
    Mòcheno: aisn
  - German: Eisen, Eiser
  - Luxembourgish: Eisen
  - Vilamovian: ȧjza
  - Yiddish: אײַזן‎ (ayzn)
Old Norse: ísarn, járn, jarn
- Icelandic: járn
- Faroese: jarn
- Norwegian: jern, jarn
- Old Swedish: iærn, iarn
  - Swedish: järn
- Old Danish: iærn, iarn
  - Danish: jern, jærn
- Westrobothnian: jarn
- Elfdalian: ienn
- Jamtish: jáðn
- Gutnish: jan
- Scanian: jærn
Gothic: 𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌽 (eisarn)