< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wraiþijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *wraiþaz (“twisted, angry, cruel”) + *-janą.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈwrɑi̯.θi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*wraiþijaną[1]
- to anger
- to curl
Inflection
Conjugation of *wraiþijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *wraiþijō | *wraiþijaų | — | *wraiþijai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *wraiþīsi | *wraiþijais | *wraiþī | *wraiþijasai | *wraiþijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *wraiþīþi | *wraiþijai | *wraiþijaþau | *wraiþijaþai | *wraiþijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *wraiþijōs | *wraiþijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *wraiþijaþiz | *wraiþijaiþiz | *wraiþijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *wraiþijamaz | *wraiþijaim | — | *wraiþijanþai | *wraiþijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *wraiþīþ | *wraiþijaiþ | *wraiþīþ | *wraiþijanþai | *wraiþijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *wraiþijanþi | *wraiþijain | *wraiþijanþau | *wraiþijanþai | *wraiþijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *wraiþidǭ | *wraiþidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *wraiþidēz | *wraiþidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *wraiþidē | *wraiþidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *wraiþidēdū | *wraiþidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *wraiþidēdudiz | *wraiþidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *wraiþidēdum | *wraiþidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *wraiþidēdud | *wraiþidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *wraiþidēdun | *wraiþidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *wraiþijandz | *wraiþidaz | |||
Descendants
- West Germanic: *wraiþijan
- Old Saxon: wrēþian
- Old High German: reiden
- Old Norse: reiða, vreiða
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*wraiþjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 471