< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wiganą
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Originally a zero-grade present, from Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (“to fight”). Related to Latin vincō (“to conquer”), Old Irish fichid (“to fight”).[1] Likely related to English weaken (“make yield”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈwi.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*wiganą[1][2]
- to fight, to battle
Inflection
The present tense forms have the zero grade vowel -i- rather than -ī-.
Conjugation of *wiganą (strong class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *wigō | *wigaų | — | *wigai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *wigizi | *wigaiz | *wig | *wigazai | *wigaizau |
| 3rd singular | *wigidi | *wigai | *wigadau | *wigadai | *wigaidau |
| 1st dual | *wigōz | *wigaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *wigadiz | *wigaidiz | *wigadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *wigamaz | *wigaim | — | *wigandai | *wigaindau |
| 2nd plural | *wigid | *wigaid | *wigid | *wigandai | *wigaindau |
| 3rd plural | *wigandi | *wigain | *wigandau | *wigandai | *wigaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *waih | *wigį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *waiht | *wigīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *waih | *wigī | |||
| 1st dual | *wigū | *wigīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *wigudiz | *wigīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *wigum | *wigīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *wigud | *wigīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *wigun | *wigīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *wigandz | *wiganaz | |||
Derived terms
- *wīgą
- *wīgaz
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *wīgan
- Old English: wīgan
- Old Dutch: *wigan
- Middle Dutch: wigen
- Dutch: wijgen
- Middle Dutch: wigen
- Old High German: wīgan
- Old Norse: viga, vega
- Icelandic: vega
- Old Swedish: vægha
- Gothic: 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽 (weihan), 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍉 (andwaihandō) (< continuing the original present stem)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*wīhan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 586
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*wīxanan~*wīʒanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 465