< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wakāną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *weǵ-.
Verb
*wakāną[1]
- (intransitive) to wake, to be awake
Inflection
Conjugation of *wakāną (weak class 3)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *wakō | *? | — | *? | *? |
| 2nd singular | *wakaisi | *? | *wakai | *wakāsai | *? |
| 3rd singular | *wakaiþi | *? | *wakāþau | *wakāþai | *? |
| 1st dual | *wakōs | *? | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *wakāþiz | *? | *wakāþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *wakāmaz | *? | — | *wakānþai | *? |
| 2nd plural | *wakaiþ | *? | *wakaiþ | *wakānþai | *? |
| 3rd plural | *wakānþi | *? | *wakānþau | *wakānþai | *? |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *wakadǭ | *wakadēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *wakadēz | *wakadēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *wakadē | *wakadēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *wakadēdū | *wakadēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *wakadēdudiz | *wakadēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *wakadēdum | *wakadēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *wakadēdud | *wakadēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *wakadēdun | *wakadēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *wakāndz | *wakadaz | |||
Related terms
- *wakjaną
- *waknaną
- *wakraz
Descendants
- West Germanic: *wakēn
- Old English: wacian
- Middle English: wakien, waken
- Scots: wauk, walk, wak, wake
- English: wake
- Middle English: wakien, waken
- Old Frisian: wakia
- Old Saxon: wakōn
- Middle Low German: waken
- Plautdietsch: wakjen
- Middle Low German: waken
- Old Dutch: wacon
- Middle Dutch: wāken
- Dutch: waken
- Limburgish: wake
- Middle Dutch: wāken
- Old High German: wahhēn
- Middle High German: wachēn
- Cimbrian: bachan
- German: wachen
- Luxembourgish: waachen
- Middle High German: wachēn
- Old English: wacian
- Old Norse: vaka
- Icelandic: vaka
- Faroese: vaka
- Norn: våga
- Norwegian:
- Norwegian Bokmål: våke, vake
- Norwegian Nynorsk: vake, vaka
- Old Swedish: vaka
- Swedish: vaka
- Old Danish: wakæ
- Danish: våge
- Westrobothnian: vaka, våka
- Elfdalian: wåkå
- Gutnish: vake
- Scanian: vaga
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*wakēnan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 441/442