< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swefaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *swep-. Originally either a zero-grade present, or possibly an aorist-present.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈswe.ɸɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*swefaną
- to sleep
- Synonym: *slēpaną
Inflection
Conjugation of *swefaną (strong class 5)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *swefō | *swefaų | — | *swefai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *swifizi | *swefaiz | *swef | *swefazai | *swefaizau |
| 3rd singular | *swifidi | *swefai | *swefadau | *swefadai | *swefaidau |
| 1st dual | *swefōz | *swefaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *swefadiz | *swefaidiz | *swefadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *swefamaz | *swefaim | — | *swefandai | *swefaindau |
| 2nd plural | *swifid | *swefaid | *swifid | *swefandai | *swefaindau |
| 3rd plural | *swefandi | *swefain | *swefandau | *swefandai | *swefaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *swaf | *swēbį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *swaft | *swēbīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *swaf | *swēbī | |||
| 1st dual | *swēbū | *swēbīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *swēbudiz | *swēbīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *swēbum | *swēbīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *swēbud | *swēbīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *swēbun | *swēbīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *swefandz | *swebanaz | |||
Derived terms
- *swabjaną
- *swefnaz
- *swēbiz
Related terms
- *sufjaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *swefan
- Old English: swefan
- ⇒ Old English: āswefan
- Middle English: asweven
- English: asweve
- Middle English: asweven
- ⇒ Old English: āswefan
- Old English: swefan
- Old Norse: sofa
- Icelandic: sofa
- Faroese: sova
- Norwegian Nynorsk: sova, sove
- Jamtish: sovo
- Elfdalian: såvå
- Westrobothnian: sȯfwa, såva, soa
- Old Swedish: sova
- Swedish: sova
- Old Danish: souæ
- Danish: sove
- Norwegian Bokmål: sove
- Scanian: søva
- Danish: sove
- Gutnish: syve
- ⇒ Old Norse: somna, sofna
- Icelandic: sofna
- Faroese: sovna
- Norwegian Nynorsk: sobna, somna, somne, sovna, sovne
- Norwegian Bokmål: sovne
- Old Swedish: somna, sofna
- Swedish: somna
- Danish: sovne (obsolete)