Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sunuz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsu.nuz/

Noun

*sunuz m

son

Inflection

u-stemDeclension of *sunuz (u-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*sunuz	*suniwiz
vocative	*sunu	*suniwiz
accusative	*sunų	*sununz
genitive	*sunauz	*suniwǫ̂
dative	*suniwi	*sunumaz
instrumental	*sunū	*sunumiz

Descendants

Old English: sunu
- Middle English: sone, sune
  - English: son
  - Scots: son
Old Frisian: sunu
- Saterland Frisian: Suun
- West Frisian: soan
Old Saxon: sunu
- Middle Low German: sune, sȫne
  - Low German:
    - German Low German: Söhn
    - Westphalian:
      Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Suone
      Sauerländisch: Suen, Seyen, Sōn
      Westmünsterländisch: Sönn, Sonn, Sonne
  - Plautdietsch: Sän
Old Dutch: *sunu
- Middle Dutch: sōne, suene
  - Dutch: zoon, -zoon, -sen, (Western Belgium) zeun
    - Afrikaans: seun
Old High German: sunu, sun
- Middle High German: sun, suon, sūn, son
  - Alemannic German:
    Italian Walser: su, ŝchu
  - Bavarian:
    Cimbrian: zun, sun, sunn
    Mòcheno: su'
    Udinese: sun, sunn, suun
  - Central Franconian:
    Hunsrik: Sohn
  - German: Sohn
  - Rhine Franconian:
    Pennsylvania German: Soh
  - Yiddish: זון‎ (zun)
Old Norse: sonr, sunr
- Icelandic: sonur, -son
- Faroese: sonur, -son
- Norn: son
- Norwegian: son (Nynorsk), sønn (Bokmål), -son
- Old Swedish: sun, son
  - Swedish: son, -son
- Danish: søn, -sen
  - Norwegian: sønn
  - German: -sen
- Elfdalian: sun
- Westrobothnian: sahn, -sa, -s
- Gutnish: sun
- → Middle English: *-son
  - English: -son
Gothic: 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌿𐍃 (sunus)