< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mīþaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *meytH- (“to change, switch”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈmiː.θɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*mīþaną[1]
- (transitive) To avoid, evade, shun
Inflection
Conjugation of *mīþaną (strong class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *mīþō | *mīþaų | — | *mīþai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *mīþizi | *mīþaiz | *mīþ | *mīþazai | *mīþaizau |
| 3rd singular | *mīþidi | *mīþai | *mīþadau | *mīþadai | *mīþaidau |
| 1st dual | *mīþōz | *mīþaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *mīþadiz | *mīþaidiz | *mīþadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *mīþamaz | *mīþaim | — | *mīþandai | *mīþaindau |
| 2nd plural | *mīþid | *mīþaid | *mīþid | *mīþandai | *mīþaindau |
| 3rd plural | *mīþandi | *mīþain | *mīþandau | *mīþandai | *mīþaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *maiþ | *midį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *maist | *midīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *maiþ | *midī | |||
| 1st dual | *midū | *midīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *midudiz | *midīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *midum | *midīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *midud | *midīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *midun | *midīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *mīþandz | *midanaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *mīþan
- Old English: mīþan
- Middle English: mithen
- Old Frisian: mītha (in combination)
- Saterland Frisian: miede
- West Frisian: mije
- Old Saxon: mīthan
- Middle Low German: mīden
- Old Dutch: mīthan
- Middle Dutch: miden
- Dutch: mijden
- Limburgish: mieje
- Middle Dutch: miden
- Old High German: mīdan
- Middle High German: mīden
- German: meiden
- Luxembourgish: meiden
- Middle High German: mīden
- Old English: mīþan
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*mīþanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 273