< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-lōną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /-lɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*-lōną
- frequentative verbal suffix; indicating repetition
Inflection
Conjugation of *-lōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *-lō | *-lǭ | — | *-lōi | ? |
| 2nd singular | *-lōsi | *-lōs | *-lō | *-lōsai | *-lōsau |
| 3rd singular | *-lōþi | *-lō | *-lōþau | *-lōþai | *-lōþau |
| 1st dual | *-lōs | *-lōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *-lōþiz | *-lōþiz | *-lōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *-lōmaz | *-lōm | — | *-lōnþai | *-lōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *-lōþ | *-lōþ | *-lōþ | *-lōnþai | *-lōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *-lōnþi | *-lōn | *-lōnþau | *-lōnþai | *-lōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *-lōdǭ | *-lōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *-lōdēz | *-lōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *-lōdē | *-lōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *-lōdēdū | *-lōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *-lōdēdudiz | *-lōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *-lōdēdum | *-lōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *-lōdēdud | *-lōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *-lōdēdun | *-lōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *-lōndz | *-lōdaz | |||
Derived terms
Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-lōną
Descendants
- Old English: -lian
- Middle English: -lien, -len, -elen (merged with all other verbs)
- English: -le (unproductive)
- Middle English: -lien, -len, -elen (merged with all other verbs)
- Old Frisian: -lia, -lja
- North Frisian: -je
- Saterland Frisian: -ele, -elje
- West Frisian: -je
- Old Saxon: -lōn
- Middle Low German: -len, -eln
- Low German: -eln
- Middle Low German: -len, -eln
- Old Dutch: -lon
- Middle Dutch: -elen (merged with all other verbs)
- Dutch: -elen
- Middle Dutch: -elen (merged with all other verbs)
- Old High German: -lōn
- Middle High German: -eln
- German: -eln (merged with all other verbs)
- Middle High German: -eln
- Old Norse: -la
- Icelandic: -la
- Faroese: -la
- Norwegian:
- Norwegian Bokmål: -le
- Norwegian Nynorsk: -la
- Swedish: -la
- Danish: -le