Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/irþīnaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *erþō +‎ *-īnaz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈir.θiː.nɑz/

Adjective

*irþīnaz

earthen, made of earth

Inflection

Declension of *irþīnaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*irþīnaz	*irþīnai	*irþīnō	*irþīnôz	*irþīną, -atō	*irþīnō
Accusative	*irþīnanǭ	*irþīnanz	*irþīnǭ	*irþīnōz	*irþīną, -atō	*irþīnō
Genitive	*irþīnas, -is	*irþīnaizǫ̂	*irþīnaizōz	*irþīnaizǫ̂	*irþīnas, -is	*irþīnaizǫ̂
Dative	*irþīnammai	*irþīnaimaz	*irþīnaizōi	*irþīnaimaz	*irþīnammai	*irþīnaimaz
Instrumental	*irþīnanō	*irþīnaimiz	*irþīnaizō	*irþīnaimiz	*irþīnanō	*irþīnaimiz

Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*irþīnô	*irþīnaniz	*irþīnǭ	*irþīnōniz	*irþīnô	*irþīnōnō
Accusative	*irþīnanų	*irþīnanunz	*irþīnōnų	*irþīnōnunz	*irþīnô	*irþīnōnō
Genitive	*irþīniniz	*irþīnanǫ̂	*irþīnōniz	*irþīnōnǫ̂	*irþīniniz	*irþīnanǫ̂
Dative	*irþīnini	*irþīnammaz	*irþīnōni	*irþīnōmaz	*irþīnini	*irþīnammaz
Instrumental	*irþīninē	*irþīnammiz	*irþīnōnē	*irþīnōmiz	*irþīninē	*irþīnammiz

Descendants

Old English: eorþen, *yrþen
- Middle English: erthen, urthen
  - English: earthen
  - Scots: erthen
Old Frisian: *erthen, *irthen
- West Frisian: ierden
Old Saxon: *irthīn
- Middle Low German: ērden
  - German Low German: eerden
Old Dutch: *irthīn
- Middle Dutch: erdijn
  - Dutch: aarden (alteration based on aarde)
Old High German: irdīn, erdīn
- Middle High German: irdīn
  - German: irden
Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (airþeins)