< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harmijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxar.mi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Etymology 1
From *harmaz (“to harm, pain”) + *-janą.
Verb
*harmijaną
- to harm, injure, pain
- to shame
Inflection
Conjugation of *harmijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *harmijō | *harmijaų | — | *harmijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *harmīsi | *harmijais | *harmī | *harmijasai | *harmijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *harmīþi | *harmijai | *harmijaþau | *harmijaþai | *harmijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *harmijōs | *harmijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *harmijaþiz | *harmijaiþiz | *harmijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *harmijamaz | *harmijaim | — | *harmijanþai | *harmijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *harmīþ | *harmijaiþ | *harmīþ | *harmijanþai | *harmijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *harmijanþi | *harmijain | *harmijanþau | *harmijanþai | *harmijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *harmidǭ | *harmidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *harmidēz | *harmidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *harmidē | *harmidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *harmidēdū | *harmidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *harmidēdudiz | *harmidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *harmidēdum | *harmidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *harmidēdud | *harmidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *harmidēdun | *harmidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *harmijandz | *harmidaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *harmijan
- Old Saxon: hermian
- Old High German: hermen
- Middle High German: hermen
- German: härmen
- Middle High German: hermen
- Old Norse: hermask
- Icelandic: hermask
- Swedish: härmas
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *kerh₂-, *kerh₃- (“to praise (loudly)”).[1]
Verb
*harmijaną
- to repeat, relate, report
- to mimic, imitate
Inflection
Conjugation of *harmijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *harmijō | *harmijaų | — | *harmijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *harmīsi | *harmijais | *harmī | *harmijasai | *harmijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *harmīþi | *harmijai | *harmijaþau | *harmijaþai | *harmijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *harmijōs | *harmijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *harmijaþiz | *harmijaiþiz | *harmijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *harmijamaz | *harmijaim | — | *harmijanþai | *harmijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *harmīþ | *harmijaiþ | *harmīþ | *harmijanþai | *harmijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *harmijanþi | *harmijain | *harmijanþau | *harmijanþai | *harmijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *harmidǭ | *harmidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *harmidēz | *harmidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *harmidē | *harmidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *harmidēdū | *harmidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *harmidēdudiz | *harmidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *harmidēdum | *harmidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *harmidēdud | *harmidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *harmidēdun | *harmidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *harmijandz | *harmidaz | |||
Related terms
- *hrōmaz
- *hrōþiz
- *hrōþraz
- *hurjaną
Descendants
- Old Norse: herma
- Icelandic: herma
- Norwegian Nynorsk: herma
- Swedish: härma
- Danish: herme
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “259”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN: “*harmjan-”