< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/handijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *handuz + *-janą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxɑn.di.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*handijaną[1]
- to take by the hand; seize; grip; capture
Inflection
Conjugation of *handijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *handijō | *handijaų | — | *handijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *handīsi | *handijais | *handī | *handijasai | *handijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *handīþi | *handijai | *handijaþau | *handijaþai | *handijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *handijōs | *handijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *handijaþiz | *handijaiþiz | *handijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *handijamaz | *handijaim | — | *handijanþai | *handijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *handīþ | *handijaiþ | *handīþ | *handijanþai | *handijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *handijanþi | *handijain | *handijanþau | *handijanþai | *handijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *handidǭ | *handidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *handidēz | *handidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *handidē | *handidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *handidēdū | *handidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *handidēdudiz | *handidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *handidēdum | *handidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *handidēdud | *handidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *handidēdun | *handidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *handijandz | *handidaz | |||
Derived terms
- *handīniz
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *handijan
- Old English: *hendan
- Middle English: henden
- English: hend
- ⇒ Middle English: handen, honden (form influenced by hand, hond)
- English: hand
- Scots: hand
- ⇒ Old English: ġehendan
- Middle English: henden
- Old Frisian: henda, handa
- ⇒ Saterland Frisian: houndje
- West Frisian: heine
- Old Saxon: *hendian
- Middle Low German: *henden, *handen (form influenced by hant)
- ⇒ Middle Low German: hendære, hender, handære
- ⇒ Middle Low German: afhenden
- ⇒ Middle Low German: vörhenden, vörhanden
- ⇒ Middle Low German: belîfhanden
- ⇒ Middle Low German: enthanden, enhanden
- Middle Low German: *henden, *handen (form influenced by hant)
- Old Dutch: *henden
- Middle Dutch: henden, handen
- Dutch: henden, handen, heinen (dialectal)
- Middle Dutch: henden, handen
- Old High German: hanten, *henten
- Middle High German: henden, handen
- ⇒ Middle High German: behenden
- ⇒ Middle High German: enthenden
- ⇒ Old High German: gihantit (ppt)
- Middle High German: henden, handen
- Old English: *hendan
- Old Norse: henda
- Icelandic: henda
- Faroese: henda
- Old Swedish: hænda
- Swedish: hända
- Danish: hænde
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*xanđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 159