< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fōrijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *faraną (“to go, travel”) + *-janą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɸɔː.ri.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*fōrijaną[1][2]
- to cause (one) to go; lead (someone; take (someone's) lead
- to move, carry, bring (Can we clean up(+) this sense?)
Inflection
Conjugation of *fōrijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *fōrijō | *fōrijaų | — | *fōrijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *fōrīsi | *fōrijais | *fōrī | *fōrijasai | *fōrijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *fōrīþi | *fōrijai | *fōrijaþau | *fōrijaþai | *fōrijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *fōrijōs | *fōrijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *fōrijaþiz | *fōrijaiþiz | *fōrijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *fōrijamaz | *fōrijaim | — | *fōrijanþai | *fōrijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *fōrīþ | *fōrijaiþ | *fōrīþ | *fōrijanþai | *fōrijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *fōrijanþi | *fōrijain | *fōrijanþau | *fōrijanþai | *fōrijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *fōridǭ | *fōridēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *fōridēz | *fōridēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *fōridē | *fōridēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *fōridēdū | *fōridēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *fōridēdudiz | *fōridēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *fōridēdum | *fōridēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *fōridēdud | *fōridēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *fōridēdun | *fōridēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *fōrijandz | *fōridaz | |||
Derived terms
- *fōrīniz
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *fōrijan
- Old English: fēran
- Middle English: feren, fearen (merged with descendant of Old English faran)
- Old Frisian: fēra
- Saterland Frisian: fiere
- West Frisian: fiere
- Old Saxon: fōrian
- Middle Low German: vôren, vuren
- German Low German: föhren
- Middle Low German: vôren, vuren
- Old Dutch: fuoren
- Middle Dutch: voeren, voren, vuren, vueren
- Dutch: voeren
- Afrikaans: voer
- Limburgish: veure
- Dutch: voeren
- Middle Dutch: voeren, voren, vuren, vueren
- Old High German: fuoren
- Middle High German: vüeren
- Bavarian: fian
- Cimbrian: vüuran, büuran
- Central Franconian: führe, fiehre
- Luxembourgish: féieren
- German: führen
- Yiddish: פֿירן (firn)
- Bavarian: fian
- Middle High German: vüeren
- Old English: fēran
- Proto-Norse:
- Old Norse: fǿra
- Icelandic: færa
- Faroese: føra
- Norwegian Nynorsk: føra
- Westrobothnian: før
- Old Swedish: fø̄ra
- Swedish: föra
- Danish: føre
- Norwegian Bokmål: føre
- → English: fure
- Old Norse: fǿra
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*fōrjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 151
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*fōrjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 110