< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drepaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰreb- (“to grind; crush; kill”), attested only in Northern PIE (Germanic and Balto-Slavic). Likely cognate with Lithuanian drėbti (“to strike”), Latvian drêbt (“to beat”).
Due to the *p, which otherwise points to a dubious PIE *b, Kroonen[1] assumes that ultimately the verb is a back-formation from the iterative Proto-Germanic *drappōną of Proto-Germanic *drabaną (“to hew”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdre.pɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*drepaną
- to hit, strike
Inflection
Conjugation of *drepaną (strong class 5)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *drepō | *drepaų | — | *drepai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *dripizi | *drepaiz | *drep | *drepazai | *drepaizau |
| 3rd singular | *dripidi | *drepai | *drepadau | *drepadai | *drepaidau |
| 1st dual | *drepōz | *drepaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *drepadiz | *drepaidiz | *drepadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *drepamaz | *drepaim | — | *drepandai | *drepaindau |
| 2nd plural | *dripid | *drepaid | *dripid | *drepandai | *drepaindau |
| 3rd plural | *drepandi | *drepain | *drepandau | *drepandai | *drepaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *drap | *drēpį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *draft | *drēpīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *drap | *drēpī | |||
| 1st dual | *drēpū | *drēpīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *drēpudiz | *drēpīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *drēpum | *drēpīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *drēpud | *drēpīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *drēpun | *drēpīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *drepandz | *drepanaz | |||
Related terms
- *drepą
- *drēpiz
- *dripiz
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *drepan
- Old English: drepan
- Middle English: drepen, drepe, drep
- >? English: drib, drub
- >? Scots: drib, drub
- Middle English: drepen, drepe, drep
- Old Saxon: drepan
- Middle Low German: drēpen
- German Low German: drapen, dropen
- Low German: drapen, drepen
- Middle Low German: drēpen
- Old Dutch: drepan
- Middle Dutch: drēpen
- Limburgish: drèppe
- Middle Dutch: drēpen
- Old High German: treffan
- Middle High German: treffen
- → Czech: trefit
- German: treffen
- → Danish: træffe
- → Esperanto: trafi
- → Luxembourgish: treffen
- → Norwegian Bokmål: treffe
- → Norwegian Nynorsk: treffe
- → Polish: trefić
- → Silesian: trefić
- → Swedish: träffa
- → Middle Dutch: treffen
- Dutch: treffen
- Afrikaans: tref
- Dutch: treffen
- → Polish: trafić
- → Serbo-Croatian: trefiti
- → Slovak: trafiť
- Yiddish: טרעפֿן (trefn)
- Middle High German: treffen
- Old English: drepan
- Old Norse: drepa
- Icelandic: drepa
- Faroese: drepa
- Norwegian Nynorsk: drepe, drepa, dribba (dialectal)
- Old Swedish: dræpa
- Swedish: dräpa
- Danish: dræbe
- Norwegian Bokmål: drepe
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*drepan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 101