< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dankwaz
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰengʷ-o-, *dʰ(e/o)ngʷ-(o)-i-; according to Pokorny, from *dʰewh₂- (“mist, smoke, haze”). Related to Hittite 𒁕𒀭𒆪𒄿 (“dark, black, murky”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdɑŋ.kʷɑz/
Adjective
*dankwaz
- dark
Inflection
Declension of *dankwaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *dankwaz | *dankwai | *dankwō | *dankwôz | *dankwą, -atō | *dankwō |
| Accusative | *dankwanǭ | *dankwanz | *dankwǭ | *dankwōz | *dankwą, -atō | *dankwō |
| Genitive | *dankwas, -is | *dankwaizǫ̂ | *dankwaizōz | *dankwaizǫ̂ | *dankwas, -is | *dankwaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *dankwammai | *dankwaimaz | *dankwaizōi | *dankwaimaz | *dankwammai | *dankwaimaz |
| Instrumental | *dankwanō | *dankwaimiz | *dankwaizō | *dankwaimiz | *dankwanō | *dankwaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *dankwô | *dankwaniz | *dankwǭ | *dankwōniz | *dankwô | *dankwōnō |
| Accusative | *dankwanų | *dankwanunz | *dankwōnų | *dankwōnunz | *dankwô | *dankwōnō |
| Genitive | *dankwiniz | *dankwanǫ̂ | *dankwōniz | *dankwōnǫ̂ | *dankwiniz | *dankwanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *dankwini | *dankwammaz | *dankwōni | *dankwōmaz | *dankwini | *dankwammaz |
| Instrumental | *dankwinē | *dankwammiz | *dankwōnē | *dankwōmiz | *dankwinē | *dankwammiz |
Derived terms
- *dankwijaną
Related terms
- *dinkwaz
Descendants
- Old Frisian: diunk (< *dinkwaz)
- Old Norse: døkkr, dǫkkr
- Icelandic: dökkur
- Faroese: døkkur
- Norwegian:
- Norwegian Nynorsk: døkk, dokk
- Norwegian: dunken (dialectal)
- → Middle English: dank
- Scots: donk, dunk
- English: dank
Further reading
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “dinkwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 96
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 669