< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/buttōną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Pre-Germanic *bu(t/dʰ)néh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *bautaną (“to beat”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbut.tɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*buttōną
- to shove, hit
Inflection
The original Germanic paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *butt- against non-singular *bud-.
Conjugation of *buttōną (weak class 2)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *buttō | *buttǭ | — | *buttōi | ? |
2nd singular | *buttōsi | *buttōs | *buttō | *buttōsai | *buttōsau |
3rd singular | *buttōþi | *buttō | *buttōþau | *buttōþai | *buttōþau |
1st dual | *buttōs | *buttōw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *buttōþiz | *buttōþiz | *buttōþiz | — | — |
1st plural | *buttōmaz | *buttōm | — | *buttōnþai | *buttōnþau |
2nd plural | *buttōþ | *buttōþ | *buttōþ | *buttōnþai | *buttōnþau |
3rd plural | *buttōnþi | *buttōn | *buttōnþau | *buttōnþai | *buttōnþau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *buttōdǭ | *buttōdēdį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *buttōdēz | *buttōdēdīz | |||
3rd singular | *buttōdē | *buttōdēdī | |||
1st dual | *buttōdēdū | *buttōdēdīw | |||
2nd dual | *buttōdēdudiz | *buttōdēdīdiz | |||
1st plural | *buttōdēdum | *buttōdēdīm | |||
2nd plural | *buttōdēdud | *buttōdēdīd | |||
3rd plural | *buttōdēdun | *buttōdēdīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *buttōndz | *buttōdaz |
Descendants
- Middle Dutch: botten
- Alsatian: butzen
- Bavarian: herbutzen (beat up)
- Norwegian: butta
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 86