Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/balluz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰol-n- (“round thing, bubble”), from *bʰel- (“to blow, inflate, swell”). Cognate with Latin follis (“windbag, balloon”).

According to Kroonen, this was originally an n-stem (as preserved in Old High German ballo, German Ballen), and the North Germanic *balluz is an early back-formation from the old accusative plural **balluns.[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbɑl.luz/

Noun

*balluz m[2]

round object, ball
(anatomy) ball of the hand, foot, etc.

Inflection

u-stemDeclension of *balluz (u-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*balluz	*balliwiz
vocative	*ballu	*balliwiz
accusative	*ballų	*ballunz
genitive	*ballauz	*balliwǫ̂
dative	*balliwi	*ballumaz
instrumental	*ballū	*ballumiz

Alternative reconstructions

*ballô[1]

Related terms

*ballô
*balþaz (“bold”)
*bellǭ (“knoll”)
*bullô
*bullǭ
*bulô (“bull”)

Descendants

Old English: *beall
- Middle English: bal, ball, balle
  - English: ball
  - Scots: baw, ba, baa, ball
  - Yola: ball
Old Frisian: *bal
- Saterland Frisian: Baal
- West Frisian: bal
Old Saxon: ball, bal
- Middle Low German: bal
  - German Low German: Ball
  - Plautdietsch: Baul
Frankish: *ball, *bal
- Old Dutch: *bal
  - Middle Dutch: bal
    - Dutch: bal
      - Afrikaans: bal
      - → Caribbean Hindustani: bál
      - → Caribbean Javanese: bal
      - → Indonesian: bal
      - → Papiamentu: bala, balchi
      - → Saramaccan: balí
      - → Sranan Tongo: bal
    - Limburgish: bal
    - West Flemish: bol
- →? Medieval Latin: balla, palla, bala f
  - >? Italian: palla
  - Old French: balle
    - Middle French: balle
      - French: balle
        → Portuguese: bala
        → Shona: bala
    - →? Italian: balla
  - Old French: bale
    - → Middle Dutch: bale
      - Dutch: baal
    - → Middle English: bale
      - English: bale
  - Occitan: bala
    - ⇒ Italian: pallone, balone, ballone
      - → Middle French: ballon (via northern variants)
        French: ballon (see there for further descendants)
        → English: balloon (see there for further descendants)
      - → Hijazi Arabic: بَلّونة‎ (ballōna)
  - Portuguese: bala
  - Sicilian: baḍḍa
  - Spanish: bala
  - Venetian: bala
    - ⇒ Venetian: balin
      - → Cimbrian: baliin
Old High German: bal
- Middle High German: bal, ball
  - Central Franconian: Bal, Ball
  - German: Ball
  - Luxembourgish: Ball
Old Norse: bǫllr
- Icelandic: böllur
- Faroese: bøllur (“lump, clump; something rolled up”)
- Norwegian: ball
- Westrobothnian: böll, båll
- Old Swedish: balder, baller
  - Swedish: boll
- Old Danish: ball, boll, bold
  - Danish: bold; balde, balle (“ball of hand or foot, buttock”)
→ Proto-Finnic:
- Finnish: pallo
- Ingrian: pallo
- → Proto-Samic: *pāllō (see there for further descendants)

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*ballan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 50
Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*ƀalluz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 34

[EDPG-1] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*ballan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 50

[2] Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*ƀalluz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 34