Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/austrą

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Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/austrą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Derived from *austraz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑu̯s.trɑ̃/

Noun

*austrą n

1. east

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *austrą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*austrą	*austrō
vocative	*austrą	*austrō
accusative	*austrą	*austrō
genitive	*austras, *austris	*austrǫ̂
dative	*austrai	*austramaz
instrumental	*austrō	*austramiz

Related terms

• *austrōnijaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *austr
  • Old English: ēast
    • Middle English: est
      • English: east
        • → Cornish: est
      • Scots: eist, aist
    • → Old French: est
      • French: est, êt
        • → Asturian: este
        • → Catalan: est
        • → Corsican: este, est
        • → Galician: leste
        • → Italian: est
        • → Occitan: èst
        • → Portuguese: este, → leste
        • → Romanian: est
        • → Spanish: este
  • Old Frisian: āst
    • Saterland Frisian: Aaste
    • West Frisian: east
  • Old Saxon: *ōst
    • Middle Low German: ōst
      • Low German: Oost, Oosten
      • Plautdietsch: Oosten
  • Old Dutch: *ōst
    • Middle Dutch: oost
      • Dutch: oost, oosten
  • Old High German: *ōst, ōstar
    • Middle High German: ōst
      • German: Ost, Osten
      • Hunsrik: Oste
• Old Norse:

  Latin: austr

  Runic: ᛅᚢᛋᛏᚱ (austr)

  • Icelandic: austur
  • Faroese: eystur
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: aust, auster; (dialectal) aust’u, aust’e
    • → Norwegian Bokmål: aust
  • Westrobothnian: austr, aust
  • Medelpadian: yster, yst
  • Old Swedish: ø̄ster
    • Swedish: öster
  • Old Danish: øst
    • Danish: øster, øst
      • Norwegian Bokmål: øst
        • → Norwegian Nynorsk: øst

• Vandalic: *austa- (early), *ōsta- (late)

Adverb

*austrą (comparative *austrōz, superlative *austrōst)[1]

1. east, eastward

See also

• *nurþrą
• *sunþrą
• *westrą

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *austr
  • Old English: ēast
    • Middle English: est
      • English: east
  • Old High German: ōstar
    • Middle High German: ōster
• Old Norse: austr

References

1. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*austera-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 43