< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/lubat'ak
 | This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From *lupa + *-t'ak.
Verb
*lubat'ak (stem *lupada-)
- to allow, to permit
- Synonym: *sallidak
- to promise
Inflection
Inflection of *lubat'ak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *lupadan | *lupacin | — | *lubatkon |
| 2nd sing. | *lupadat | *lupacit | *lupadak | *lubatkos |
| 3rd sing. | *lupadapi *lubat | *lupaci | *lubatkasen | *lubatkosen |
| 1st plur. | *lupadakmek *lupadakmak | *lupacimek *lupacimak | *lubatkatemek *lubatkatamak | *lubatkotemek *lubatkotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *lupadaktek *lupadaktak | *lupacidek *lupacidak | *lubatkate *lubatkata | *lubatkot'ek *lubatkotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *lupadabat *lubat | *lupaci | *lubatkasen | *lubatkosen |
| passive | *lupadaksen | *lubattisen *lupadattihen | *lubattakahen *lupadattagasen | *lubattakohen *lupadattagosen |
| connegative | *lupadak | — | *lubatkak | *lubatkok |
| passive connegative | *lupadaktak | — | *lubattagak *lupadattagak | *lubattagok *lupadattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *lupadakcin | *lupacicin | *lubannen | |
| 2nd sing. | *lupadakcit | *lupacicit | *lubannet | |
| 3rd sing. | *lupadakci | *lupacici | *lubanni | |
| 1st plur. | *lupadakcimek *lupadakcimak | *lupacicimek *lupacicimak | *lubannemek *lubannemak | |
| 2nd plur. | *lupadakcidek *lupadakcidak | *lupacicidek *lupacicidak | *lubannedek *lubannedak | |
| 3rd plur. | *lupadakci | *lupacici | *lubanni | |
| passive | *lubat'akcihen *lupadat'akcisen | *lubatticihen *lupadatticisen | *lubattanehen *lupadattanesen | |
| connegative | *lupadakcik | *lupacicik | *lubannek | |
| passive connegative | *lubat'akcik *lupadat'akcik | *lubatticik *lupadatticik | *lubattanek *lupadattanek | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *lubat'ak | present | *lupadapa | *lubattapa *lupadattaba |
| infinitive 2 | *lubatte- | past | *lubannut | *lubattu *lupadattu |
| gerund/supine | *lupadama | |||
| action noun | *lupadaminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: lubama/lubada
- Finnish: luvata
- Ingrian: luvata
- Karelian:
- North Karelian: luvata
- South Karelian: luvata
- Livvi: luvata
- Võro: lubama/lubadaq
- Votic: luvatõ
Further reading
- Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “lupa”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish), [note: linked online version also includes some other etymological sources], Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN