< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kaatadak
 | This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Unknown. Possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to hit; strike”) with *-tadak.[1]
Verb
*kaatadak (stem *kaata-)
- to overturn
- to spill, to pour out
Inflection
Inflection of *kaatadak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *kaadan | *kaadoin | — | *kaatagon |
| 2nd sing. | *kaadat | *kaadoit | *kaadak | *kaatagos |
| 3rd sing. | *kaatabi *kaata | *kaatoi | *kaatagasen | *kaatagosen |
| 1st plur. | *kaadakmek *kaadakmak | *kaatoimek *kaatoimak | *kaatagatemek *kaatagatamak | *kaatagotemek *kaatagotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *kaadaktek *kaadaktak | *kaatoidek *kaatoidak | *kaatagate *kaatagata | *kaatagot'ek *kaatagotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *kaatabat *kaata | *kaatoi | *kaatagasen | *kaatagosen |
| passive | *kaadaksen | *kaatadisen *kaadattisen | *kaatadakahen *kaadattakahen | *kaatadakohen *kaadattakohen |
| connegative | *kaadak | — | *kaatagak | *kaatagok |
| passive connegative | *kaadaktak | — | *kaatadagak *kaadattagak | *kaatadagok *kaadattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *kaadakcin | *kaatoicin | *kaatanen | |
| 2nd sing. | *kaadakcit | *kaatoicit | *kaatanet | |
| 3rd sing. | *kaadakci | *kaatoici | *kaatani | |
| 1st plur. | *kaadakcimek *kaadakcimak | *kaatoicimek *kaatoicimak | *kaatanemek *kaatanemak | |
| 2nd plur. | *kaadakcidek *kaadakcidak | *kaatoicidek *kaatoicidak | *kaatanedek *kaatanedak | |
| 3rd plur. | *kaadakci | *kaatoici | *kaatani | |
| passive | *kaatadakcihen *kaadat'akcihen | *kaatadicihen *kaadatticihen | *kaatadanehen *kaadattanehen | |
| connegative | *kaadakcik | *kaatoicik | *kaatanek | |
| passive connegative | *kaatadakcik *kaadat'akcik | *kaatadicik *kaadatticik | *kaatadanek *kaadattanek | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *kaatadak | present | *kaataba | *kaatadapa *kaadattapa |
| infinitive 2 | *kaatade- | past | *kaatanut | *kaatadu *kaadattu |
| gerund/supine | *kaatama | |||
| action noun | *kaataminen | |||
Derived terms
- *kaatudak
Descendants
- Finnish: kaataa
- → Estonian: kaadama/kaadata
- Ingrian: kaataa
- Karelian: kuatua
- Ludian: koata
References
- Koivulehto, Jorma (2009), “Etymologisesti hämäriä -(is)tA-johdosverbejä, lainoja ja omapohjaisia”, in SUSA/JSFOu 92