Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/makʷos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Alternative forms

*makʷkʷos[1] (with secondary gemination)

Etymology

Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *mh₂ḱwos, from *meh₂ḱ- (“to raise, grow”). Compare Latin macer (“lean, thin”), Ancient Greek μακρός (makrós, “long, tall”), Proto-Germanic *magraz (“lean, meager”).[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈma.kʷos/

Noun

*makʷos m[1]

son

Declension

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*makʷos	*makʷou	*makʷoi
vocative	*makʷe	*makʷou	*makūs
accusative	*makʷom	*makʷou	*makoms
genitive	*makʷī	*makʷous	*makʷom
dative	*makūi	*makʷobom	*makʷobos
locative	*makʷei	*?	*?
instrumental	*makū	*makʷobim	*makʷūis

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *mab
- Old Breton: map, mab
  - Middle Breton: mab
    - Breton: mab
- Old Cornish: mab, map
  - Cornish: mab
- Old Welsh: map
  - Middle Welsh: map
    - Welsh: mab
Gaulish: mapos

From *makʷkʷos with secondary gemination:

Primitive Irish: ᚋᚐᚊᚔ (maqi, genitive), ᚋᚐᚊᚊᚔ (maqqi), ᚋᚐᚊ (maq), ᚋᚐᚉᚉᚔ (macci)
- Old Irish: macc (genitive singular maicc^L, meicc)
  - Middle Irish: mac
    - Irish: mac
    - Manx: mac
    - Scottish Gaelic: mac

References

Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*makʷo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 253

[EDPC-1] Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*makʷo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 253