Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/náktis

This Proto-Balto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Balto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts.

Reconstruction notes

According to Illich-Svitych and Dybo, in Old Lithuanian, the Lithuanian form naktìs shows a barytone or mixed accent paradigm: In the New Testament of 1735, the form is found in the genitive singular náktiês. In Daukša (16th century), occurs as a barytone nâktije (“at night”) along with naktijé. In the monuments of Prussian Lithuania in 1685 náktije, in the New Testament of 1701 náktije, náktij’. In the Lithuanian-German dictionary of 1747 Náktij’. And also in many East Aukštaitian and Southern Aukštaitian Dzūkian dialects: Sunačius, Kupiškis, Vabalninkas, Pašvitinys, Kaltanėnai. The word naktis itself has been translated into the 4th stress pattern already in Daukša, in Universitas, in Ruhig grammar, in Donelaitis, everywhere in dialects and in the literary language. The Slavic data show a accent paradigm c. Consequently, on the basis of these data, the Balto-Slavic fixed accent is reconstructed.

Noun

*náktis f[1][2][3]

night

Inflection

Declension of *náktis (i-stem, fixed accent)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*náktis	*náktīˀ	*náktejes
Accusative	*náktin	*náktīˀ	*náktī⁽ˀ⁾ns
Genitive	*nákteis	*náktejau	*náktejōn
Locative	*náktēiˀ	*náktejau	*náktišu
Dative	*náktei	*náktimā⁽ˀ⁾	*náktimas
Instrumental	*náktīˀ (early forms)	*náktimāˀ	*náktimīˀs
Vocative	*náktei	*náktīˀ	*náktejes

Alternative reconstructions

*naktís[4][5] (mobile accent)

Descendants

East Baltic:
- Latvian: nakts
- Lithuanian: naktìs
West Baltic:
- Old Prussian: nackt
Proto-Slavic: *nòťь (see there for further descendants)

References

Illich-Svitych, Vladislav M. (1963) Именная акцентуация в балтийском и славянском: Судьба акцентуационных парадигм [Nominal Accentuation in Baltic and Slavic: The Fate of Accentuation Paradigms]‎ (in Russian), Soviet Union; Moscow: Publishing house of the USSR Academy of Sciences, page 60: “Лит. naktis”
Illich-Svitych, Vladislav M. (1979) Nominal Accentuation in Baltic and Slavic: The Fate of Accentuation Paradigms (in English), United States of America: The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England, page 46: “Lith. naktis (fem.) 'night'.”
Dybo, Vladimir A. (2014), “Балто-славянская акцентная система и итоги индоевропейской акцентологической реконструкции [Balto-Slavic accent system and the results of Indo-European accentological reconstruction]”, in Slavjanskij sbornik, Novi-Sad, kniga I‎ (in Russian), volume 8, Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy, page 33: “6. балт. nom.pl. *nàktes”
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*nȏktь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 355: “*noktis”
Derksen, Rick (2015), “naktis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 327: “*noktís”

[1] Illich-Svitych, Vladislav M. (1963) Именная акцентуация в балтийском и славянском: Судьба акцентуационных парадигм [Nominal Accentuation in Baltic and Slavic: The Fate of Accentuation Paradigms]‎ (in Russian), Soviet Union; Moscow: Publishing house of the USSR Academy of Sciences, page 60: “Лит. naktis”

[2] Illich-Svitych, Vladislav M. (1979) Nominal Accentuation in Baltic and Slavic: The Fate of Accentuation Paradigms (in English), United States of America: The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England, page 46: “Lith. naktis (fem.) 'night'.”

[3] Dybo, Vladimir A. (2014), “Балто-славянская акцентная система и итоги индоевропейской акцентологической реконструкции [Balto-Slavic accent system and the results of Indo-European accentological reconstruction]”, in Slavjanskij sbornik, Novi-Sad, kniga I‎ (in Russian), volume 8, Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy, page 33: “6. балт. nom.pl. *nàktes”

[4] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*nȏktь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 355: “*noktis”

[5] Derksen, Rick (2015), “naktis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 327: “*noktís”