pugno

See also: pugnó and pugnò

Esperanto

Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Italian pugno, from Latin pugnus (“fist; handful”). Compare French poing. Related to pojno. Doublet of ponardo.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈpuɡno]
Rhymes: -uɡno
Hyphenation: pug‧no

Noun

pugno (accusative singular pugnon, plural pugnoj, accusative plural pugnojn)

fist
Li kolerplene svingis al mi sian pugnon. "Nun min batalu!" li kriis.
He angrily swung his fist at me. "Fight me already!" he cried.

Interlingua

Noun

pugno (plural pugnos)

fist

Italian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpuɲ.ɲo/
Rhymes: -uɲɲo
Hyphenation: pù‧gno

Etymology 1

From Latin pugnus, from Proto-Italic *pugnos, from Proto-Indo-European *puǵnos, from *pewǵ- (“prick, punch”).

Noun

pugno m (plural pugni or (archaic or literary) pugna f)

fist
punch
fistful, handful
(figurative, by extension) small quantity; handful
- 2020 September 24, Massimo Basile, “Biden sì, ma non troppo: nel Minnesota di Floyd nessun voto è scontato [Biden yes, but not too much: in Floyd's Minnesota no vote is taken for granted]”, in la Repubblica‎:
  In realtà da decenni qui i repubblicani perdono per un pugno di voti.
  In reality, for decades Repubblicans have been losing by a handful of votes.

Derived terms

pugnale
impugnare
pugnare
pugnello
pugno di ferro

Descendants

Greek: μπουνιά f (bouniá)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

pugno

first-person singular present indicative of pugnare

Anagrams

pungo

Latin

Etymology

From pugnus (“fist”) +‎ -ō.

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈpuɡ.noː/, [ˈpʊŋnoː]

(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpuɲ.ɲo/, [ˈpuɲːo]

Noun

pugnō m

dative/ablative singular of pugnus

Verb

pugnō (present infinitive pugnāre, perfect active pugnāvī, supine pugnātum); first conjugation

I fight, combat, battle, engage.
Synonyms: lūctor, repugnō, contendō, dēcernō, committō, concurrō, certō, bellō, dīmicō, cōnflīgō, serō, dēcertō
I contend, conflict, oppose, contradict.
I endeavour, struggle, strive.
Synonyms: lūctor, ēlabōrō, certō, cōnītor, cōnor, appetō, temptō, affectō, tendō, quaerō, studeō, contendō, adnītor, labōrō, īnsequor, molior, perīclitor, nītor, ēnītor, spectō

Conjugation

Conjugation of pugnō (first conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
indicative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	pugnō	pugnās	pugnat	pugnāmus	pugnātis	pugnant
	imperfect	pugnābam	pugnābās	pugnābat	pugnābāmus	pugnābātis	pugnābant
	future	pugnābō	pugnābis	pugnābit	pugnābimus	pugnābitis	pugnābunt
	perfect	pugnāvī	pugnāvistī, pugnāstī¹	pugnāvit, pugnāt¹	pugnāvimus, pugnāmus¹	pugnāvistis, pugnāstis¹	pugnāvērunt, pugnāvēre, pugnārunt¹
	pluperfect	pugnāveram, pugnāram¹	pugnāverās, pugnārās¹	pugnāverat, pugnārat¹	pugnāverāmus, pugnārāmus¹	pugnāverātis, pugnārātis¹	pugnāverant, pugnārant¹
	future perfect	pugnāverō, pugnārō¹	pugnāveris, pugnāris¹	pugnāverit, pugnārit¹	pugnāverimus, pugnārimus¹	pugnāveritis, pugnāritis¹	pugnāverint, pugnārint¹
passive	present	pugnor	pugnāris, pugnāre	pugnātur	pugnāmur	pugnāminī	pugnantur
	imperfect	pugnābar	pugnābāris, pugnābāre	pugnābātur	pugnābāmur	pugnābāminī	pugnābantur
	future	pugnābor	pugnāberis, pugnābere	pugnābitur	pugnābimur	pugnābiminī	pugnābuntur
	perfect	pugnātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	pugnātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	pugnātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
subjunctive		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	pugnem	pugnēs	pugnet	pugnēmus	pugnētis	pugnent
	imperfect	pugnārem	pugnārēs	pugnāret	pugnārēmus	pugnārētis	pugnārent
	perfect	pugnāverim, pugnārim¹	pugnāverīs, pugnārīs¹	pugnāverit, pugnārit¹	pugnāverīmus, pugnārīmus¹	pugnāverītis, pugnārītis¹	pugnāverint, pugnārint¹
	pluperfect	pugnāvissem, pugnāssem¹	pugnāvissēs, pugnāssēs¹	pugnāvisset, pugnāsset¹	pugnāvissēmus, pugnāssēmus¹	pugnāvissētis, pugnāssētis¹	pugnāvissent, pugnāssent¹
passive	present	pugner	pugnēris, pugnēre	pugnētur	pugnēmur	pugnēminī	pugnentur
	imperfect	pugnārer	pugnārēris, pugnārēre	pugnārētur	pugnārēmur	pugnārēminī	pugnārentur
	perfect	pugnātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	pugnātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
imperative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	pugnā	—	—	pugnāte	—
active	future	—	pugnātō	pugnātō	—	pugnātōte	pugnantō
passive	present	—	pugnāre	—	—	pugnāminī	—
passive	future	—	pugnātor	pugnātor	—	—	pugnantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
non-finite forms		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		pugnāre	pugnāvisse, pugnāsse¹	pugnātūrum esse	pugnārī	pugnātum esse	pugnātum īrī
participles		pugnāns	—	pugnātūrus	—	pugnātus	pugnandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		pugnandī	pugnandō	pugnandum	pugnandō	pugnātum	pugnātū

¹At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

appugnō
compugnō
dēpugnō
expugnō
impugnō
oppugnō
prōpugnō
pugna
pugnāculum
pugnantia
pugnātor
pugnax
pugnus
repugnō

Related terms

pugnācitās
pugnāciter
pugnātōrius
pugnātrix
pugneus
pugnicula
pugnitus
pugnus

Descendants

Asturian: puñar
Catalan: punyar
Galician: puñar, pugnar
Italian: pugnare
Spanish: puñar, pugnar

References

“pugno”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“pugno”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
[http://ducange.enc.sorbonne.fr/PUGNO pugno] in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
pugno in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to be mutually contradictory: inter se pugnare or repugnare
- to contradict oneself, be inconsistent: secum pugnare (without sibi); sibi repugnare (of things)
- to fight for hearth and home: pro aris et focis pugnare, certare, dimicare
- to fight on horseback: ex equo pugnare
- the issue of the battle is undecided: ancipiti Marte pugnatur
- to fight hand-to-hand, at close quarters: collatis signis (viribus) pugnare
- to fight in open order: laxatis (opp. confertis) ordinibus pugnare
- to fight like lions: ferarum ritu pugnare
- to fight in skirmishing order: rari dispersique pugnare (B. C. 1. 44)
- (ambiguous) the issue of the day was for a long time uncertain: diu anceps stetit pugna
- (ambiguous) to come off victorious: superiorem (opp. inferiorem), victorem (proelio, pugna) discedere

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpuɡno/ [ˈpuɣ̞.no]
Rhymes: -uɡno
Syllabification: pug‧no

Verb

pugno

first-person singular present indicative of pugnar