nós
Asturian
Alternative forms
- ñós
Etymology
From Latin nōs.
Pronoun
nós
- we
Synonyms
- nosotros
Catalan
Etymology
From Latin nōs (“we; us”), from Proto-Italic *nōs.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA(key): /ˈnos/
Pronoun
nós
- (archaic) we
- Synonym: nosaltres
- we (majestic)
Usage notes
The spelling nós was deprecated in the 2016 spelling reform. The old spelling can still be used for metalinguistic transcriptions, or when the intended meaning is not clear from the context. See Appendix:Catalan orthography.
Declension
| strong/subject | weak (direct object) | weak (indirect object) | possessive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | proclitic | enclitic | proclitic | enclitic | ||||
| 1st person | jo, mi3 | em, m’ | -me, ’m | em, m’ | -me, ’m | meu | ||
| 1st person majestic1 | nós | ens | -nos, ’ns | ens | -nos, ’ns | nostre | ||
| 2nd person | tu | et, t’ | -te, ’t | et, t’ | -te, ’t | teu | ||
| 2nd person formal1 | vós | us | -vos, -us | us | -vos, -us | vostre | ||
| 2nd person very formal2 | vostè | el, l’ | -lo, ’l | li | -li | seu | ||
| 3rd person masculine | ell | el, l’ | -lo, ’l | li | -li | seu | ||
| 3rd person feminine | ella | la, l’4 | -la | li | -li | seu | ||
| 3rd person neuter | ho | -ho | li | -li | seu | |||
| 3rd person reflexive | si | es, s’ | -se, ’s | es, s’ | -se, ’s | seu | ||
| plural | ||||||||
| 1st person | nosaltres | ens | -nos, ’ns | ens | -nos, ’ns | nostre | ||
| 2nd person | vosaltres | us | -vos, -us | us | -vos, -us | vostre | ||
| 2nd person formal2 | vostès | els | -los, ’ls | els | -los, ’ls | seu | ||
| 3rd person masculine | ells | els | -los, ’ls | els | -los, ’ls | seu | ||
| 3rd person feminine | elles | les | -les | els | -los, ’ls | seu | ||
| 3rd person reflexive | si | es, s’ | -se, ’s | es, s’ | -se, ’s | seu | ||
| adverbial | ||||||||
| ablative/genitive | en, n’ | -ne, ’n | ||||||
| locative | hi | -hi | ||||||
| 1) Behaves grammatically as plural. 2) Behaves grammatically as third person. | 3) Only as object of a preposition. 4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-. | |||||||
Galician
Etymology
From Old Portuguese nos, from Latin nōs (“we; us”), from Proto-Italic *nōs.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /nɔs/
Pronoun
nós (accusative nos, dative nos)
- we, us
- Synonyms: nosoutros, nosoutras
Indo-Portuguese
Etymology
From Portuguese nós (“we”), from Old Portuguese nos, from Latin nōs (“we; us”).
Pronoun
nós
- we (first-person plural personal pronoun)
- 1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3:
- Trasê tamêm um vaquinh bem gord e matá par nós comê e par nós regalá:
- Bring also a small and very fat cow and kill (it) for us to eat and for us to feast on:
- 1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3:
Irish
Pronunciation
- (Munster) IPA(key): /n̪ˠoːsˠ/
- (Connacht) IPA(key): /n̪ˠuːsˠ/
- (Ulster) IPA(key): /n̪ˠõːsˠ/[1]
Etymology 1
From Old Irish nós (“custom, tradition, precedent”), from a Brythonic language (compare Welsh naws (“nature, disposition”)).
Noun
nós m (genitive singular nóis, nominative plural nósanna)
- custom
- manner, style
Declension
First declension
Bare forms:
| Forms with the definite article:
|
Derived terms
- ar aon nós
- ardnós
- ardnósach
- ar nós
- bun-nós
- dea-nós
- nósmhar
- nósúil
- sean-nós
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “nós”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 nós (‘custom’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Etymology 2
From Old Irish nós m (“fame, renown, reputation”).
Noun
nós m (genitive singular nóis)
- (literary) fame, renown
Declension
First declension
Bare forms (no plural of this noun)
| Forms with the definite article:
|
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “nós”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 nós (‘fame, renown’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
References
- Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 17
Mirandese
Pronoun
nós
- we (the first-person plural pronoun)
Portuguese
Etymology 1
From Old Portuguese nos, from Latin nōs (“we; us”), from Proto-Italic *nōs.
Alternative forms
- nos (obsolete)
- nòs (obsolete)
- nóis (eye dialect, Brazilian)
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈnɔ(j)s/ [ˈnɔ(ɪ̯)s]
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ˈnɔ(j)ʃ/ [ˈnɔ(ɪ̯)ʃ]
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈnɔʃ/
- Homophone: noz
- Hyphenation: nós
Audio (Brazil - São Paulo) (file)
Pronoun
nós m pl or f pl by sense
- first-person plural nominative personal pronoun: we
- Nós estamos aqui.
- We are here.
- Synonyms: (more informal) a gente, (obsolete) nós outros
- first-person plural prepositional pronoun: us
- Os pássaros voaram até nós.
- The birds flew towards us.
- (Brazil, colloquial, proscribed) first-person plural objective personal pronoun; us
- Ele bateu em nós!
- He hit us!
Usage notes
When the clause features a verb in its first-person plural form, the nominative pronoun nós may be dropped.
The following contraction is usually mandatory in standard usage, but optional when mesmos (“ourselves”) is used for emphasis:
- com (“with”) + nós → connosco (Portugal), conosco (Brazil)
Brazilian speakers who use this pronoun colloquially (instead of a gente) may not make the contraction and use com nós instead. They might also use nós with third-person singular verbs. Such usages are highly proscribed but common.
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:nós.
See also
| Portuguese personal pronouns (edit) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Person | Nominative (subject) | Accusative (direct object) | Dative (indirect object) | Prepositional | Prepositional with com | Non-declining | ||||||
| m | f | m | f | m and f | m | f | m | f | m | f | |||
| Singular | First | eu | me | mim | comigo | ||||||||
| Second | tu | te | ti | contigo | você | ||||||||
| o senhor | a senhora | ||||||||||||
| Third | ele | ela | o (lo, no) | a (la, na) | lhe | ele | ela | com ele | com ela | o mesmo | a mesma | ||
| se | si | consigo | |||||||||||
| Plural | First | nós | nos | nós | connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil) | a gente | |||||||
| Second | vós | vos | vós | convosco, com vós | vocês | ||||||||
| os senhores | as senhoras | ||||||||||||
| Third | eles | elas | os (los, nos) | as (las, nas) | lhes | eles | elas | com eles | com elas | os mesmos | as mesmas | ||
| se | si | consigo | |||||||||||
| Indefinite | se | si | consigo | ||||||||||
Etymology 2
Inflected form of nó (“knot”).
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈnɔs/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ˈnɔʃ/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈnɔʃ/
- Homophone: noz
- Hyphenation: nós
Noun
nós m
- plural of nó
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:nó.
Upper Sorbian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *nosъ, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s.
Noun
nós m
- nose
Further reading
- “nós” in Soblex