ni-

ni-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ni"

Aromanian

Etymology

From Slavic ne-. Compare Romanian ne-.

Prefix

ni-

1. un-; de- (used to negate)

Derived terms

Aromanian terms prefixed with ni-

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Classical Nahuatl

Alternative forms

• n- (before vowels)

Prefix

ni-

1. Subject prefix for verbs; indicates that the subject is first person singular: I.

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Garo

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ni-

1. look at

Derived terms

• nibrua
• nichaka
• nicholwia
• nigaka
• nigitchia
• niketchia
• nimikbranga
• niona
• nipaka
• nipila
• nirika
• nisoa
• nitata
• nitima
• niwata

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Kamba

Alternative forms

• n-

Prefix

ni-

1. I (used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)

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Maquiritari

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ni-]

Prefix

ni-

1. Allomorph of n- (third-person prefix) used for stems that begin with a consonant.

Inflection

Maquiritari personal markers (Ye’kwana dialect)

	pronoun	noun possessor/ series II verb argument		postposition object		series I verb argument
						transitive patient	intransitive patient-like		intransitive agent-like	transitive agent
first person	ewü	y-, ∅-, ü-, u-						w-, wi-
first person dual inclusive	küwü	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-								k-, kii-, ki-
second person	amödö	ö-, öy-, o-, oy-, a-, ay-							m-, mi-
first person dual exclusive	nña	y-, ch-, ∅-, i-			chö-	∅-	n-, ni-
third person	tüwü					n-, ni-
distant past third person		—				kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
coreferential/reflexive	—	t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te-				—
reciprocal	—	—	öö-

	series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient
first person > second person	mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
first person dual exclusive > second person
second person > first person	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
second person > first person dual exclusive
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person	see person X in the chart above

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Mohawk

Prefix

ni-

1. pronominal prefix for

   They both (m) ____

Alternative forms

-	Initial consonant
Environment	t/s/h/k	n/r/w/’	a	e/en	o/on	i	y
Word-Initial	ni-	ni-	i-	n-	n-	n-	ni-

Prefix

ni-

1. partitive prefix

References

• Gunther Michelson (1973) A thousand words of Mohawk, University of Ottawa Press, page 9
• Nora Deering; Helga H. Delisle (1976) Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, pages 147, 172

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Navajo

Prefix

ni-

1. your, you

See also

Navajo possessive pronouns

			singular	dual	plural
1st person			shi-	nihi-	danihi-
2nd person			ni-	nihi-	danihi-
3rd person			bi-
4th person (3o)			yi-
4th person (3a)			ha-, hw-
Indefinite person (3i)			a-

• á-
• ał-
• ahił-

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Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Same as the word nid, from Old Norse níð.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /niː/

Prefix

ni-

1. uninterrupted, intensely
2. very, a lot

Derived terms

Norwegian Bokmål terms prefixed with ni-

References

• “ni-” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “ni-” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Doublet of nid. From Old Norse níð, from Proto-Germanic *nīþą.

Prefix

ni-

1. Used as an intensifier, especially in verbs

Derived terms

Norwegian Nynorsk terms prefixed with ni-

References

• “ni-” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• In, in, ni

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Ojibwe

Prefix

ni-

1. A prefix denoting the first person

Usage notes

ni- is the unmarked form, and appears before stems that begin with the consonants p, t, k, h, ch, m, n, s, sh, w, and y. In animate intransitive verbs (vai) and transitive inanimate verbs (vti) conjugations, ni- or one of its alternative forms can act as part of a pair of affixes, with the affix -min (or a variant) to form the first person plural exclusive . In transitive animate verbs (vta) - that is verbs where the subject and the object are both animate - ni- can indicate that either the subject or the object is first-person (singular or plural), according to the rules of topicality hierarchy.

Alternative forms

• im-
• in-
• ind-
• indo-
• n-
• nim-
• nin-
• nind-
• nindo-
• niy-
• nd-
• ndo-

Related terms

• niin
• niinawind

See also

Ojibwe personal prefixes

		stem begins with...	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Consonants		p t k h ch m n s sh w y	ni-	gi-	o-
		d g ' j z zh	nin-
		b	nim-
Vowels		o	nindo-	gido-	odo-
		a aa e i	nind-	gid-	od-
		oo	n-	g-
		ii			w-

Preverb

ni-

1. Alternative spelling of ani-

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Old English

Etymology

From earlier *niwi-, before a regular sound change in which non-word-initial *w was lost before fully unstressed *i. The same sound change occurred to ǣ (“law”) ← *ǣi ← *āwi, sǣ (“sea”) ← *sǣi ← *sāwi, and glī (“joy”) ← *gliwi. It must have also occurred to nīewe (“new”) in the nominative singular, producing *nī ← *niwi, but its *w was restored by analogy with its inflected forms, which had a following *j instead of *i.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /niː/

Prefix

nī-

1. new-, newly

Derived terms

Old English terms prefixed with ni-

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Pipil

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): /ni/

Prefix

ni-

1. (personal) I, first-person singular subject marker.

   Niaw nimumachtia Nawat

   I'm going to learn Nawat

See also

Pipil verb subject markers

			singular	plural
1st person			ni-	ti-
2nd person			ti- (shi-)	an- (shi-)
3rd person			-	-

• naja (personal pronoun)
• nech- (object marker)

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Serbo-Croatian

Prefix

ni- (Cyrillic spelling ни-)

1. Prefix prepended to pronouns to denote a negative meaning, synonymous with ne- (“no, not”).

   igdje ili nigdje. ― anywhere or nowhere

   itko ili nitko. ― anyone or no one

   ikad ili nikad. ― anytime or never

2. Prefix prepended to copula verb biti in present tense to denote a negative meaning, synonymous with ne- (“not”).

   Bio sam tu ali nisam bio tamo. ― I was here but I was not there.

Derived terms

Serbo-Croatian terms prefixed with ni-

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Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya)

  (file)

Prefix

ni-

1. Marks a verb's subject as 1st person singular

   ninakupenda

   I like you

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Swazi

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *mɪ̀-.

Prefix

ni-

1. you, you all; second-person plural subject concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ́-, via an intermediate form *mɪ́-.

Prefix

ni-

1. you, you all; second-person plural object concord.

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Ternate

Etymology 1

Cognate with Tehit n- (“second-person prefix”).

Pronoun

ni- (Jawi ني-‎)

1. second-person plural clitic, you all

Pronoun

ni- (Jawi ني-‎)

1. second-person singular possessive pronoun, your

See also

Ternate personal pronouns

	independent			subject proclitic		possessive
	Informal	Formal
1st person singular	ngori	fangarem, fajaruf		to		ri
2nd person singular	ngana	ngoni, jou ngoni		no		ni
3rd person singular	unam, minaf			om, mof, inh		im, mif, manh
1st person plural inclusive	ngone			fo		na, nga
1st person plural exclusive	ngomi	fangare ngomim, fajaru ngomif, fara ngomi1		mi		mi, mia
2nd person plural	ngoni			ni		na, nia
3rd person plural	anah, enanh			ih, nh, yoh, †, yanh, †		nah, ngah, manh

• unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific
• m - masculine, f - feminine, h - human, nh - non-human
• 1 - for mixed-gender groups
• † - archaic

References

• Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

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Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˌniː/, /nɪ/

Prefix

ni-

1. Nasal mutation of di-.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
di-	ddi-	ni-	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

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West Makian

Etymology 1

Cognate with Ternate ni-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /n̪i/

Pronoun

ni-

1. second-person singular possessive prefix, your

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /n̪i/

Pronoun

ni-

1. alternative form of na- (“our (inclusive)”) when preceded by a root-initial i

See also

West Makian personal pronouns

	independent	possessive prefix
1st person singular	de	ti
2nd person singular	ni	ni
3rd person singular	me	mVan., dVinan.
1st person plural inclusive	ene	nV
1st person plural exclusive	imi	mi
2nd person plural	ini	fi
3rd person plural	eme	di

• V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun, following standard West Makian vowel harmony.

References

• Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎, Pacific linguistics

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Xhosa

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *mɪ̀-.

Prefix

ni-

1. you, you all; second-person plural subject concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ́-, via an intermediate form *mɪ́-.

Prefix

ni-

1. you, you all; second-person plural object concord.

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Zulu

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *mɪ̀-.

Prefix

ni-

1. you, you all; second-person plural subject concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ́-, via an intermediate form *mɪ́-.

Prefix

ní-

1. you, you all; second-person plural object concord.

References

• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “ni-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ni-”