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单词 moeten
释义

moeten

See also: möten

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch moeten, from Old Dutch muotan, from Proto-West Germanic *mōtan, from Proto-Germanic *mōtaną. Cognate with English mote (may, might).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈmutə(n)/
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -utən

Verb

moeten

  1. (intransitive) to be necessary, to be required
  2. (auxiliary) to have to, must
    Hij moet gaan.He has to / must go.
    Moest je nog werken vanavond?Did you have to work tonight?
    Synonym: verplicht zijn te
    Antonym: niet hoeven
  3. (auxiliary) should, be meant to, be supposed to
    Het moet hier zijn, maar het is gestolen.It is meant to be here, but it was stolen. / It should be here, but it was stolen.
    Dat moet je echt niet doen.You really should not do that.
    De nieuwe wet moet op 1 januari in werking treden.The new law is supposed to come into force on 1 January.
    Synonyms: zou moeten, horen
  4. (intransitive) to have to go, to need to go, must go
    Ik moet nog naar de supermarkt vandaag.
    I still need to go to the supermarket today.
    Antonym: niet hoeven
  5. (intransitive, informal) to need to go to the toilet
    Ik moet heel nodig!I really need to go!

Usage notes

  • The past tense moest can be used in the present. In Dutch, one can ask "Moest je nog werken vanavond?" which can mean both "did you have to work tonight?" and "do you have to work tonight?". This is similar to gaan.

Inflection

Inflection of moeten (preterite-present)
infinitivemoeten
past singularmoest
past participlegemoeten
infinitivemoeten
gerundmoeten n
present tensepast tense
1st person singularmoetmoest
2nd person sing. (jij)moetmoest
2nd person sing. (u)moetmoest
2nd person sing. (gij)moetmoest
3rd person singularmoetmoest
pluralmoetenmoesten
subjunctive sing.1moetemoeste
subjunctive plur.1moetenmoesten
imperative sing.moet
imperative plur.1moet
participlesmoetendgemoeten
1) Archaic.

Descendants

  • Afrikaans: moet
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: mu, muti
  • Negerhollands: moet, moe, mo, mut
  • Sranan Tongo: moe

Middle Dutch

Etymology 1

From Old Dutch muotan.

Verb

moeten

  1. (auxiliary) to have to, must, to be obliged to
  2. (auxiliary) to be allowed to, to have permission to
  3. (auxiliary) will, shall
Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants
  • Dutch: moeten
    • Afrikaans: moet
    • Berbice Creole Dutch: mu, muti
    • Negerhollands: moet, moe, mo, mut
    • Sranan Tongo: moe
  • Limburgish: mótte

Etymology 2

From Old Dutch *muoten, from Proto-West Germanic *mōtijan.

Verb

moeten

  1. to meet, to come upon
  2. to meet with hostility
Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants
  • Limburgish: mote

Further reading

  • moeten”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
  • Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), moeten (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
  • Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), moeten (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II
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